Author: chipashabwalya5

Categories
Agriculture & Natural Resources Management

Dairy Production

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING DAIRY PRODUCTION LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS DAIRY PRODUCTION AND WHO IS A DAIRY PRODUCER?

Dairy production is a branch of agricultural sciences that deals with the rearing of animals for milk production. It involves the breeding and raising of dairy animals, primarily cows but also goats and sheep, for their milk and the various dairy products processed from it like fermented milk, yogurt, cheese and butter. A dairy producer is a person who rears dairy animals on a farm or ranch, specifically for milk production.

WHERE DO DAIRY PRODUCERS WORK?

Dairy producers work on farms that rear dairy animals. Most of these farms are owned by dairy companies such as Zambeef Products Ltd, Parmalat Zambia Ltd, Dairy Gold Ltd, Creambell Zambia and Finta Farms Ltd. Examples of farms where dairy producers are employed include Kalundu Dairy Farm, Kasembo Farms, Kamfinsa Dairy Farm, etc. Dairy producers can start their very own dairy farm where they produce milk and milk products that they can then supply to dairy companies and other food and beverage companies that produce foods such as chocolate, butter, cheese, sour milk, yogurt, cream, custard, baby formula, the list goes on.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THEIR WORK?

Dairy producers carry out various tasks which include the collection of milk from animals (milking), and cleaning of the milk parlor along with the utensils used for milking. They also ensure that storage tanks for milk storage are in proper working order. Furthermore, they collect milk samples which they test to make sure that the milk is free from contamination with disease causing germs.

Dairy farmers check on the health of dairy animals by monitoring for signs of potential disease. They review the pens and surrounding areas to make sure they remain hygienic which reduces the risk of injury and disease. In addition, they supply food and water to their animals and ensure that the supplies remain well stocked so that the animals never go hungry. This allows the animal to continue producing high quality milk. The dairy producers also make recommendations about which breeds of cows to use for higher milk production as well as higher income.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A DAIRY PRODUCER?

The day of a dairy producer on a farm begins quite early, as early as 05:00hrs. This is so that they can prepare the milking parlour and start the milking process. In dairy companies, the work schedule may follow the normal schedule of 08:00hrs – 17:00hrs from Monday to Friday.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Finding a job in a dairy company might prove challenging especially for someone with little or no job experience. In most cases, jobs are found on commercial farms with a dairy section and on local dairy farms. However, dairy farming is highly profitable and as a dairy producer one can start up their own business.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Dairy farmers are people who enjoy being outdoors and doing hands-on farm work. You should also have an interest in taking care of farm animals.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING DAIRY PRODUCTION LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS ARE COVERED IN THE PROGRAM?

A dairy production course at a higher learning institution covers wide range of courses including; animal anatomy and physiology, animal nutrition, applied animal nutrition, beef production and dairy production.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The entry requirement for this program is a full grade 12 certificate, five O’ levels.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS CAN MAKE YOU A DAIRY PRODUCER?

Other programs that you can study to be a dairy producer include Animal Science which is offered at diploma and degree level and General Agriculture at diploma level.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

After obtaining you certificate in dairy production, you can advance your qualifications by studying for diploma or degree in general agriculture or animal science. These qualifications broaden your knowledge and skills from just dairy animals in particular to include other farm animals such as poultry, beef cattle, pigs, horses etc. This will increase your chances of getting a job in the government or in a big company that not only produces dairy animals but other animals as well.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER DAIRY PRODUCTION

PALABANA DAIRY TRAINING INSTITUTE
Duration: 2 years (Certificate in Livestock Production)
Mode: Full time
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 233648 / +260 976 980709
WhatsApp: +260 976 980709

Categories
Mass communication & Media

Creative Digital Media

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CREATIVE DIGITAL MEDIA LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS CREATIVE AND DIGITAL MEDIA AND WHO IS A CREATIVE AND DIGITAL MEDIA SPECIALIST?

Creative and digital media is defined as artistic and cultural content that is created for digital platforms (e.g. on social media like Facebook and twitter) or distributed digitally to reach the public. In creative and digital media, you learn how to create and distribute content that will be watched or listened to by people using gadgets such phones, tablets and computers, or TV and radio. A creative and digital media specialist is a person who creates and distributes content using digital platforms. These are the personnel that create the adverts that we see or hear on TV, radio and social media. They also make the websites that we visit on a daily basis to look attractive and be user-friendly and edit photos and videos among other things.

WHERE DO CREATIVE AND DIGITAL MEDIA SPECIALISTS WORK?

Creative and digital media specialists commonly work in the media, cultural and creative industries. If you do this programme you can work in media houses including the print media (newspapers and other publishing companies), television and radio stations. Examples of such work places in Zambia are ZNBC (radio and television), Prime TV, Diamond TV, Radio Phoenix, Zambia Daily Mail, The Mast Newspaper etc. You can also work for an advertising company or creative and digital advertising agencies that exist in the country.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

One of the tasks in the work of a creative and digital media specialist is graphics design. This is just combining words (text) and pictures in advertisements, magazines or books. They also do photography and videography but more especially the editing of photos and videos that have been taken by photographers and videographers. Creative and digital media personnel also carry out advertising and branding. They make adverts for newspapers, flyers, magazines, social media etc. Other media specialists work in website design and development. This mainly involves creating websites for various companies, businesses, learning institutions, banks etc. 

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CREATIVE AND DIGITAL MEDIA SPECIALIST?

Work is mostly from 08:00hrs – 17:00hrs on weekdays (Monday to Friday). Most media houses are open even on weekends and public holidays. As such, you may be required to report to work every day of the week, depending on where you work.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The job market for the creative and digital media specialists can be described as fair. With the coming of digital migration, the number of media houses in the country is increasing which in turn increases the need for creative and digital media specialists. Even without getting into formal employment, someone can still work for themselves. They can open their own studios that specialise in areas such as video production and photography, creation of adverts, website development and many other creative works.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

For you to do the program you need to be first of all creative. This will allow allow you to create content that is catchy and appealing to the viewers or target audience. When you do an advert for a business, it needs to help the business grow and therefore you have to be good at catching the attention and curiosity of people. You also need to have an interest in working with computer software and technology in general.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CREATIVE DIGITAL MEDIA LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Some of the courses that you will have to learn when you decide to do creative and digital media include creative writing, magazine design, interaction design, moving image (films and videos), motion graphics, visual art and design, photography etc.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The minimum entry requirements for this program are 5 O’ level credits or better inclusive of Mathematics and English.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A CREATIVE AND DIGITAL MEDIA SPECIALIST?

As an alternative to creative and digital media, you can choose to study Media and Journalism, Animation and Multimedia, Graphics and Multimedia, Information Technology and other ICT related courses.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

You can upgrade to a degree in creative media or graphics and media. The reasons for upgrading is that it offers you a chance to work in different companies because you acquire extra skills. With a degree you can work as a public relations specialist, digital marketing specialist, media planner and web content manager for the websites of companies.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER CREATIVE DIGITAL MEDIA

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (Diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Media & Information Studies
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 225127 or +260 211 220971 or +260 964 032960
E-mail: info.ehc@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

ZAMBIA INSTITUTE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
Programme duration: 2 years (certificate) and 3 years (Diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Intakes: January and September
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 251 811 or 0974342476 or 0954199493
E-mail: info@zamcom.ac.zm
Website: www.zamcom.co.zm

DMI – ST.EUGENE UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: Department of Science and Humanities
Intakes: January and July
Location: Chibombo
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 613644 or +260 976 216068 or +260 977 200088
E-mail: dmiseuzm@dmiseu.edu.zm
Website: www.dmiseu.edu.zm/academics-departments/school-of-it/

OAK UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (Degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 975 907678
E-mail: admissions@oakuniversity.co.zm
Website: oakuniversity.co.zm

Categories
blog

What study materials will you need when you go to university and how much do they cost?

Why you should know about study materials 

Students in colleges and universities use books and other study materials for many reasons. These reasons include studying for assessments that come in the form of written examinations, research work for assignments and most often merely supplementing the understanding of the subject or concept taught during lectures. 

This therefore means that someone going to such institutions should be knowledgeable about the various study materials so that he/she could gauge and prepare for the cost of purchasing them and the gadgets that could be used to store and view them. As matter of fact, the cost of study materials is something important to fully understand before you go into school because it will prevent any surprises once you begin your course or program. At some point you will have to spend on either a smart phone/tablet with enough storage space or a laptop computer or both. You will also spend on some hard copy or soft copy books depending on what you are looking to go and study. 

The different study materials used by the students include prescribed and recommended textbooks for that course, PowerPoint presentations and pamphlets prepared by their lecturers, published research papers, scientific and social journals, and lecture videos. 

Textbooks 

Textbooks are the most frequently used study material. These may either be soft copy (accessible via gadgets such as phones, kindles and computers) or hard copy (print or physical books) in nature. In general, the soft copies are cheaper and often free. They are also more accessible and very easy to distribute using messaging and sharing applications. Soft copy books can usually be downloaded freely on websites but there are some books that are not available for free, and you must pay to download. Once downloaded, the book can be shared using flash disks, email, WhatsApp or sharing apps like SHAREit. This means that if a softcopy book is not free to download, you can contribute money with other friends who need it to buy one copy and share it amongst yourselves. On the other hand, print textbooks are quite hard to come by and can be quite expensive. Most of these books cost between K500 to K1, 500.  

You can try and purchase secondhand books from your seniors at a cheaper price than them getting brand new. Institutions may have some hardcopy and softcopy books in their libraries, but they are usually limited, or they could be old editions. Textbooks will either be prescribed or recommended by a lecturer and as such will contain information relevant for the level at which a student is and can therefore be trusted. At times, some textbooks are mandatory for you to buy them, hence you need to be ready for this when planning for your school expenses with your sponsor. You can ask students already studying what you want to study to have an idea of the requirements in this regard. 

Presentations and Pamphlets 

PowerPoint presentations and pamphlets, as earlier stated, are in most cases prepared by the lecturers and distributed to the students. This distribution may be done before the giving of a lecture, during or more commonly after the lecture has been given. For the fact that these are prepared by the lecturers themselves, these materials are free to be used by the students. Furthermore, they are a very good guide of what a lecturer might want the students to focus on even if the students are to do further reading. It is worth noting that having these PowerPoint presentations or pamphlets is not a substitute for attending lectures. This is because lecturers often make mention of very important points during lectures without including them in the presentations themselves. Presentations can also be downloaded on the internet or viewed from applications such as SlideShare which includes presentations on many topics posted/shared by different people. However, sometimes, lecturers can produce special study material that they sell to students, which in most cases are useful. 

Published papers and journals  

Published research papers, and scientific and social journals are frequently used for assignments when an argument requires referenced support. These papers and journals are written or published by individuals or groups with expertise on the subject and can therefore be trusted if obtained from a reputable platform. The papers and journals are either accessible online or in print (rare). Online resources can be free or require payment to be viewed. Examples of platforms where these can be found include Elsevier, PubMed, Academia.edu and ScienceOpen to list only a few. 

Lecture videos 

Lecture videos, compared to the other study materials, are a more passive way of studying per say. Some institutions create lecture videos for their students, especially distance education or part-time students. Students can access these videos on a student portal by login into the student account. However, most lecture videos are mostly acquired on the internet especially on the YouTube platform. These lecture videos are given by different people who may or may not be experts in the subject. They include in-depth lectures on a topic, reviews and summaries or memory aides. Since most of these are available on YouTube, there is no cost to view them except that one must have a working data bundle or Wi-Fi connectivity. Since these videos are not usually given by the actual lecturers, a student must be careful and ask which ones are reliable both in level of data content and accuracy of information. 

Categories
Information & communications technology

Computer Science

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING COMPUTER SCIENCE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND WHO IS A COMPUTER SCIENTIST?

Computer science, the study of computers and computing, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations, hardware, software and networking, and their uses for processing information. The discipline of computer science includes the study of algorithms and data structures, computer and network design, modelling data and information processes, and artificial intelligence.

Computer science draws some of its foundations from mathematics and engineering and therefore incorporates techniques from areas such as queuing theory, probability and statistics, and electronic circuit design. Computer science also makes heavy use of hypothesis testing and experimentation during the conceptualization, design, measurement, and refinement of new algorithms, information structures, and computer architectures.

Computer scientists are people who understand the underlying principles of programming and algorithms and use them to design software, systems and networks to meet the needs of clients and the public in everyday life.

WHERE DO COMPUTER SCIENTISTS WORK?

Almost all businesses rely on computers to function and larger companies have their own in-house IT specialists. You could find yourself working in the IT department of major financial services, healthcare, manufacturing, aerospace, defence or governmental organisations and NGOs as well. Many graduates go on to set up their own businesses, it could be a software development house making the next great app or a games studio working on the next big video game. You could also find work with a dedicated IT consultancy firm or an IT service provider.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Due to the large variety, tasks are solely dependent on the firm where one is working, as a programmer, one might be a web designer or application developer, as a database administrator, one might be managing a database. A network engineer will have tasks related to the network and as an IT specialist, the tasks at hand may include installation and maintenance of technology infrastructure and equipment.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A COMPUTER SCIENTIST?

Again, this is dependent on someone’s work place, it can range from being the usual 8-hour morning/afternoon routine for someone in an IT Department, to shifts for network/cyber security engineers.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The world is becoming more and more technology inclined, as such computers and computer applications are being integrated into several aspects in the industry. As such there are places to some extent at almost any firm. However, Internet/Network service providers, Banks and other Technology solutions-based organisations are the leading recruiters for Computer Science graduates.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Firstly, one has to be more inclined to the science-based subjects as these are part of the initial step of the journey. Patience is another characteristic, working with Code and machines can sometimes be very frustrating. One also has to be observant and analytical; the principles are taught in school but the application part is usually learned in physicality

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING COMPUTER SCIENCE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

When one enrols into university to study computer science, they will learn A level science in the first year i.e. Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology. At second year, one then does general computer science which involves introductions to: a programming language such as Java, C, C#, or any other language offered, computer software, systems and architecture as well database creation and management. For the remaining years, you specialise, software engineering focuses on software and application development, hardware engineering focuses on system enhancement and network engineering focuses on networking technologies.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

As most science-based programs, its competitive and entry depends on the levels of competition in the University. Usually 10 points in 5 subjects and below, including Mathematics, Science and English with three other subjects.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A COMPUTER SCIENTIST?

Alternative qualifications for an individual interested in the field of ICT include software engineering, computer engineering and information systems among others.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Once you study computer science, there are a number of choices available to advance your qualifications. Masters programmes in Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Computing and IT, Engineering and Informatics, and Computational Life Science among others are available. You may also study a business related program such as a Master of Business Administration or Marketing especially if you find yourself in an IT sales and Marketing firm.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER COMPUTER SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 4 years Degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January only
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 254406
E-mail: dean-ns@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-computer-science

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree only
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School Of ICT
Intakes: June/July
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 or +260 212 290817 or +260 212 290815
E-mail: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees/

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Science, Engineering and Technology
Intakes: September
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: + (260) 215 228 004
E-mail: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

LIVINGSTONE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TOURISM EXCELLENCE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT – LIUTEBM
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of information and technologies
Intakes: January, July and September
Location: Livingstone
Contacts
Tel: (+260) 977203923
E-mail: admissions@lietebmuniversity.org
Website: liutebmuniversity.org

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January only
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 387 601 or +260972102386 or +260954238120
E-mail: admissions@kkmu.edu.zm
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

DMI ST.EUGENE UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Computer Science and ICT
Intakes: January and July
Location: Chibombo
Contacts
Tel: +260 977613644 or +260 976216068 or +260 977200088
E-mail: dmiseuzm@dmiseu.edu.zm
Website: www.dmiseu.edu.zm/academics-departments/school-of-it/

TRINITY UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School of Education
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 501 896 or +260 954 118 414
E-mail: trinityuniversityzambia@gmail.com
Website: trinityuniversity.edu.zm/tuition-fees

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of ICT
Intakes: January and June/July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260969899875
E-mail: vc@gideonrobertyuniversity.com
Website: gideonrobert.education

COPPERSTONE UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree only
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Science and Technology
Intakes: January and July
Location: Baluba – Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 967 499 161 / +260 967 499 149 / +260 967 499 292
E-mail: copperstonecustomercare@gmail.com
Website: copperstone.education

KABWE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Programme duration: 3 years Diploma
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School of Technology studies
Intakes: June/July
Location: Kabwe – Central Province
Contacts
Tel: +260 – 977 759307 or +260 – 977 143641
E-mail: kabweit@gmail.com
Website: www.kit.edu.zm/index.php/downloads/fees

Categories
Health sciences

Clinical Medicine

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CLINICAL MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS CLINICAL MEDICINE AND WHO IS CLINICAL OFFICER?

Clinical medicine is a field of medicine that deals primarily with the practice and study of medicine based on the direct examination of patients. Clinical medicine gives more emphasis to the practice of healing patients directly through diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In contrast, “conventional” medicine gives as much emphasis to theoretical knowledge as it does to practical knowledge thereby providing theoretical support for clinical practice. (For more information on the latter form of medicine, view the blog on Medicine).

A clinical officer (CO) is a qualified and licensed officer providing essential generalized and specialized medical care mostly at the primary health care level. Clinical officers who complete a diploma in clinical medicine (clinical medical sciences-general) are called Clinical Officer-General (COG) whereas those that attain a degree are called medical licentiates. Medical licentiates have more advanced skills in medicine and surgery and may be deployed interchangeably with doctors. They provide clinical care in hospitals and can also perform routine surgical and obstetric operations.

WHERE DO CLINICAL OFFICERS WORK?

Clinical officers can work in clinics and hospitals at all levels of healthcare provision. COs outnumber doctors especially in the rural areas and attend to a larger proportion of patients reporting to the clinic.

Degree holders can also work as lecturers or tutors at colleges offering diplomas in health science related courses or as clinical researchers in institutions or organizations that conduct biomedical research.
A clinical officer may also work for NGOs that support health and wellness such as society for family health (SFH) Zambia.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

A typical day at work for a clinical officer involves interviewing and examining patients who come into the clinic. They do this in order to determine the health status of the individuals and to establish diagnoses upon which they can initiate or terminate treatment or therapy. They may order additional medical tests such as x-rays or blood tests to support their diagnosis and to guide them on the best course of treatment. Medical licentiates may also perform routine surgical and obstetric operations such as a caesarean section (C-section). COs also observe patients admitted to the wards and refer those with serious disease to other practitioners.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CLINICAL OFFICER?

The work schedule of a CO depends on the place of work. In a healthcare setting, work is typically done in shifts (morning, afternoon and night). Working night duty for 7 consecutive days is followed by 7 off-days. There may be variations to this, for instance in the case of a rural clinic that only operates from 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours.

Working as lecturer, clinical scientist or researcher, or with NGOs may follow the normal 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours work schedule from Monday to Friday.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

All clinical officers in Zambia are required to be registered and licensed by the health professions council of Zambia (HPCZ). The largest employer of COs in Zambia is government through the Ministry of Health which deploys them in clinics and hospitals across the country. Employment can also be sought elsewhere such as in private hospitals, mission hospitals and mine hospitals. Newly graduated COs may find it a little challenging to find work in the private sector as most private hospitals only take on clinicians who have some work experience.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Clinical medicine is best suited to individuals who have an interest in science-based subjects, especially biology and chemistry. A clinical officer must have good communication skills in order to facilitate the patient interview. They should be compassionate and empathetic which simply means being able to understand what a patient is experiencing without themselves experiencing it. The work of a clinical officer requires someone with a good work ethic because it is quite demanding.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CLINICAL MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Students in the degree program will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in their first year of study. In the following years, courses covered include basic sciences such Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, and clinical sciences such as Internal Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics.

The diploma program covers similar subjects with varying degrees of focus on the basic and clinical sciences during the period of study. Subjects covered include anatomy & physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, emergency medicine, mental health and psychiatry, internal medicine, paediatrics and child health, surgery, obstetrics & gynaecology.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Minimum entry requirements to the diploma program are a five ‘O’ level credits or better in Mathematics, Science, Biology, English and any other subject.

Minimum requirements for school leavers direct entry to the degree program are a full grade twelve school certificate with 5 credits or better, four of which must be English, Mathematics, Biology and Science. Holders of a diploma in clinical medicine or any other relevant diploma qualification may will also be admitted and may earn some exemptions.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A CLINICAL OFFICER?

Aside from the diploma or degree in clinical medicine (also called clinical medical sciences or clinical sciences), alternative qualifications are the diploma in clinical psychiatry (clinical medical sciences-psychiatry) or the BSc in Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health. A holder of the diploma in clinical psychiatry is called a Clinical Officer-Psychiatry (COP) and is simply a clinical officer specialized in psychiatry.


WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Holders of the diploma can choose to upgrade to a BSc Clinical Medicine or alternatively they may pursue Advanced diplomas for instance in anaesthesia or ophthalmology. A bachelor of science degree holder can work in other roles as a clinical scientist, clinical researcher or lecturer other than just as a clinical officer. This increases the employment opportunities and gives an upper hand in the job market. The advanced diploma enables the holder to specialise in one field and to work as a medical licentiate.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER CLINICAL MEDICINE

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance learning
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka and Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Science
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com/clinical-officer-general-2/

CHRESO UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka and Ndola
Contacts
Email: info@chresouniversity.edu.zm
Tel: +260 964 725266
Website: www.chresouniversity.edu.zm/tuition-fee-schedule/

LUAPULA SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND BUSINESS EDUCATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Mansa
Contacts
Email: admissions@luapulasoh.com
Tel: +260 953 108572
Website: www.luapulasoh.com/page/school-of-health-sciences

NKANA COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 447390/ 0961 868690/ 0979 830165/ 0979 588189/ 0977 872947
Email: ncase.enquiries@gmail.com
Facebook: Nkana College of Applied Sciences and Education

PREMIUM SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Luanshya
Contacts
Tel: +260 966 661894/ +260 977 307779
Email: premiumschoolofhealthsciences@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +260 974 374862/ +260 977 307779
Facebook: Premium School of Health Sciences

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 969 899875
Email: vc@gideonrobertuniversity.com
Website: www.gideonrobert.education/programs-2/

Categories
Engineering & Mining

Civil Engineering

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CIVIL ENGINEERING LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING AND WHO IS A CIVIL ENGINEER?

Civil engineering is one of the engineering disciplines that deals with constructed environment and includes planning, budgeting, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, channels, dams, irrigation projects, power plants and water and sewage systems. A civil engineer is therefore, one who practices civil engineering. In this field, there are a number of branches. These include structural engineering, construction engineering, geotechnical engineering, water engineering, transportation engineering and so on.

WHERE DO CIVIL ENGINEERS WORK?

Civil engineers generally work either in consultancy firms (e.g. Africa infrastructure consultants or Bicon Zambia Limited) or with contractors. In either place, consultancy or contractors, you can find structural engineers, construction engineers or transport engineers etc. In the consultancy firms, the engineers provide designs and supervise projects depending on what is needed. Construction engineers, working for contractors, manage the construction of those projects.

It should be noted that the engineers can also be consultants and contractors in the public service. This means they can be consulted over the designs and construction of government buildings and other structures. An example of such is in situations when the Road Development Agency (RDA) requires the construction or maintenance or roads

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

The specific tasks that a civil engineer does are dependent on where they work and the branch of engineering into which they are concerned.

In consultancy (design), civil engineers are designers of structures like buildings, bridges, highways and roads, dams, town water supply systems, railway and airport structures and so on. Additionally, they do a consideration of forces so that what is built is able to withstand various forces and stresses. They also produce working drawings for the designs which are to be used by the contractors. Supervision at the building sites is also carried out by those in consultancy, this is to make sure that there is no compromise in the materials used and that the designs are being followed correctly.

Under construction, civil engineers work for contractors or they themselves can be contractors. They manage the making or constructing of what the consultants and architects have put up in plans. They make sure that the projects are done in the scheduled time, built in accordance with the plans, safe when being done and also within budget.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CIVIL ENGINEER?

The work schedule of a civil engineer is dependent on where he/she works. In general, those in consultancy will mostly work in the design offices from Monday to Friday from 8:00hrs to 17:00hrs. They may go on site to supervise the project and work over that time if the construction is also being done in the night. On the other hand, those in construction have no definite schedule per say. This is because the buildings or whatever structure may be worked during the day or in the night. In this case, shifts may come in where one works during the day or during the night.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The job market for the civil engineers can be described to be fair. They are mostly employed by the construction companies (contractors) or in the engineering consultancy firms. Given that civil engineering has a wide range of branches, the engineers are able to be employed in many sectors. Examples of such sectors are water companies where they are the water engineers, transportation where they help to plan for construction and maintenance of roads and bridges. Also, the government is in need of their expertise and employs them in the various fields to plan for government projects, supervise these projects and manage their construction.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Civil engineers on the general tend to be investigative, inquisitive and curious. The component of designing of the structures to be built requires that someone be creative, able to think abstractly or be imaginative and also be analytical. Additionally, leadership skills and decisiveness are good traits to possess. One also has to love the outdoors and hands-on work as the work is not always spent in a design office with plans of buildings or roads.

Also, one who chooses to pursue civil engineering needs to have had an interest in mathematics, physics and chemistry. A background in geometrical and mechanical drawing or design and technology is an added advantage. These subjects help someone form a good background and makes it easier to learn and understand what civil engineering is all about.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CIVIL ENGINEERING LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

The range of subjects covered during the program of civil engineering include mathematics, fluid mechanics, civil engineering materials and construction principles, engineering surveying, civil engineering design, environmental engineering, hydraulics, soil mechanics and engineering geology, numerical and statistical analysis, water resources engineering, water and wastewater engineering, construction project management and professional practice, structural design, highway engineering, transportation engineering and geotechnics and site investigations.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Most universities will not enroll you directly into the civil engineering program at degree level unless you have passed A’ levels or hold a diploma in civil engineering. You will first be enrolled into the school of natural sciences where you will learn A’ level mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology in your first year. Depending on how you perform, you can then apply for entrance into the engineering courses in your second year. Other universities do admit grade 12 school leavers directly into civil engineering but even in such cases, the first year subjects will be A’ level natural sciences.

Generally, credits or better in six subjects including mathematics, English and the sciences (physics and chemistry) on the grade 12 certificate allows one to have a chance to enter the natural sciences and later make points to enter the engineering course. But it should be strongly noted that admission into the natural sciences program is very competitive and better results (10 points or better) give you a better chance to enter the university and then also pursue civil engineering in the latter years.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

A civil engineer can advance his/her education by pursing a masters or a doctorate. These advancements are in the branches of engineering such as structural engineering or transportation engineering. The masters or doctorate allows one to work in academics by teaching at universities or to further their knowledge so that they are consulted more or contracted for construction works.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (Degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 292792
E-mail: dean-eng@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-engineering-b-eng-civil-and-environmental-engineering

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: November
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 /+260 212 290817 / +260 212 290815
E-mail: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees/

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Science, Engineering and Technology
Intakes: August
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 228004
E-mail: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

UNIVERSITY OF EDENBERG
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Engineering
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 964 292501 / +260 971 874752 / +260 977 867401
E-mail: academic@ue.edu.zm
Website: www.ue.edu.zm/fees-structure.html

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Engineering and Biosciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260969899875
E-mail: vc@gideonrobertyuniversity.com
Website: gideonrobert.education

Categories
Engineering & Mining

Chemical Engineering

WHAT IS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND WHO IS A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

Chemical Engineering is a science and an art dealing with the relationship of physical and chemical changes. The chemical engineer understands how and why a given process works. He/she is able to design, set up and operate equipment to carry out the process. In general, a chemical engineer must be able to apply a scientific understanding in an integrated manner to solve real problems. A chemical engineer is a creative person who requires fundamental working tools such as physical and chemical concepts, logical mind and an aptitude for the practical application of mathematics. The use of these tools permits the various principles to be achieved.

WHERE DO CHEMICAL ENGINEERS WORK?

Many graduates work in different and exciting workplaces – not only in the expected settings of the mining and petrochemical industries, but also in a wide variety of process-based disciplines, such as the food, beverage, paint, cement, lime, disposal of waste and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical engineers work in manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, design and construction, pulp and paper, food processing, specialty chemicals, microelectronics, electronic and advanced materials, polymers, business services, biotechnology, and environmental health and safety industries, among others.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

On a typical day at work, Chemical Engineers conduct research on the job to develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. Not only that, they also develop safety procedures to be employed by workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to ongoing chemical reactions. Chemical engineers also perform laboratory studies of steps in manufacturing of new products and test proposed processes in small scale operation, such as pilot plant. Although specific duties may vary, many of them design measurement and control systems for chemical plants based on data collected in laboratory experiments and in pilot plant operations and implement those measurement and control system at the industrial plant scale.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

Chemical Engineers work for at least 8 hours on a normal work day. In a typical work week, they are expected to work more than 40 hours per week. Depending on the type of industry, some Chemical Engineers are required in shifts such as day shifts and night shifts.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Chemical engineering is marketable for the fact that one can work anywhere so long as it’s a manufacturing industry or laboratory based industry. The companies include Nitrogen Chemicals of Zambia, Chilanga Cement, Copper mining and processing companies, analytical laboratories like SGS or Alfred H Knight etc.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Chemical engineering is undeniably challenging, it involves a lot of physics and maths. That been said, it is important for one to possess the following qualities: analytical skills (chemical engineers must be able to figure out why a particular design does not work as planned), ingenuity, creativity, math skills and problem-solving skills to mention a few.

WHERE CAN I STUDY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FOR HOW LONG, TO EARN WHAT QUALIFICATION?

The program is offered at the Copperbelt University for a period of five years. A bachelor’s degree is earned upon successful completion.

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING LABS. AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY, ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN, REACTOR ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING LABS. AND DESIGN PROJECT, SEPARATION PROCESSES, PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN, PROCESS CONTROL, DESIGN PROJECT, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL, PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY to mention a few.

The programme has five elective courses at fifth year of study. The options include; Combustion and Energy Engineering, Extractive Metallurgy, Industrial Waste Management, Polymer Science and Technology and Biotechnology Processes.

WHAT MODE OF STUDY ARE AVAILABLE?

This is a five-year programme available on full time.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The particular requirements are five GCE ‘O’ Level credits or better in the Zambian School Certification or its equivalent as follows: A Pass in English Language plus;

Schedule A: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry

Schedule B: Physical Science, Biology and Science

Schedule C: Additional Maths, Metal/Wood Works, Geography and History

The above is the case for CBU, being the only university in the country offering bachelor’s degree in the field of chemical engineering.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

As a case for Zambia, the only program of study that can make someone a Chemical Engineer is a diploma in the same field. He/she is eligible to upgrade to a degree level and subsequently, do advanced studies at one’s personal preference. Some jobs in the mineral processing industry in the Copper mines or Limestone mines for production of cement, a metallurgist can work in the same position as a chemical engineer.

WHAT IS THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

CBU under The Chemical Engineering Department has an established expertise in the following areas of research interest; Renewable Energy, Petrochemical Engineering, Chemical Technologies and Processing Beneficiation of Minerals and Processing Bio-chemical Processes, Environmental Management, Polymer Science and Technology, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Cement & Lime Production, Nano Technology, Heat and Mass Transfer Systems, Thermodynamic systems, Transport phenomena and Membrane Technology.

Drawing on the problem-solving skills that are central to the discipline, many CEOs of large companies have combined chemical engineering with a business-related qualification, such as an MBA. Many more work in niche consultancies or run their own businesses. There are also endless opportunities in research and development.

Categories
Accounting & Finance

Chartered Accountant (CA) Zambia

WHAT IS CA ZAMBIA AND WHO IS A CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT?

CA Zambia is a premier professional accountancy qualification basically meant to enhance recognition and status of accountancy graduates both locally in Zambia and globally.

On the other hand, a Chartered Accountant (CA Zambia graduate) is a highly skilled and competent accountant who has completed both the professional examinations and compulsory three (3)-year practical training programme. It is a mandate for all the graduates of CA Zambia to undergo practical training programme for a period of 3 years.

WHAT DO ACCOUNTANTS DO?

The primary task of an accountant is to prepare and examine financial records. To make sure that records are accurate and that taxes are paid properly and on time.

Accountants and auditors* perform overviews of the financial operations of a business in order to help it run efficiently. They also provide the same services to individuals, helping them create plans of action for improved financial well-being.

* An auditor is a person authorized to review and verify the accuracy of financial records and ensure that companies and/or businesses comply with tax laws and accounting policies and regulations.

WHERE DO ACCOUNTANTS WORK AND WHAT DO THEY DO?

Many are the times when people think that accountants are people who only work in banks and count money. However, the fact of the matter is that there are a number of accounting careers that an accountant can pursue depending on the nature of the business and the industry as indicated below.

Accounting Career type Duties
Public Accountants (e.g., external auditors such as KPMG, GRANT THORNTON, PWC, EY etc.) Their clients include corporations, governments and individuals. They fulfil a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax and consulting duties.
Management Accountants Also called cost, managerial, corporate or private accountants. They record and analyse the financial information of the clients they work for, and provide it for internal use by managers, usually not for public use unless at the discretion of management.
Government Accountants (e.g. Office of the Auditor General) They maintain and examine records of government agencies, audit private businesses and individuals whose activities are subject to government regulations or taxations.
Internal Auditors These are accountants who work within the organisation to check for risk management of an organization or businesses’ funds. They then identify ways to improve the process for finding and eliminating waste and fraud.

CAN ONE CHANGE FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER AND HOW OFTEN?

Yes. This is called career advancement. Advancements in the field of accounting can take many forms. Entry level public accountants (accountants holding first level accounting certificates) will see their responsibilities increase with each year of practice, and can move to senior positions within a few years.

Those who excel may become supervisors, managers or Audit partners*. They may also open their own public accounting firms, or transfer to management and internal positions in private firms.

Management accountants often start as cost accountants, or junior internal auditors. They can advance to accounting manager, chief cost accountant, budget director or manager of internal auditing. Some become controllers, treasurers, financial vice presidents, chief financial officers (CFOs) or corporation presidents.

The four main types of accountants enjoy a degree of cross-over potential that is unique in business. Therefore, they can transition from one type to another throughout their careers.

*An audit partner is a Certified/Chartered accountant and full equity partner in a professional accounting firm. … Each partner earns a share of the profits, usually in proportion to his/her ownership percentage. The audit partner signs and approves the firm’s audit report and financial statements for the clients s/he manages

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF AN ACCOUNTANT?

The work schedule or shifts of an accountant depend on the organisation one is working for. If one is working for a government department, they typically follow the normal 08hrs to 17hrs work schedule Monday to Friday. If one is working for a private company which normally have different working hours, some work 08hrs to 17hrs while others have their own work schedules which may extend further than the eight-to-seventeen hours. An accountant who works as an auditor in a private organisation may work from eight till late and normally have frequent travels around the cities and the world as the case may be in fulfilling his/her duties. This is so because the majority of the works done by these accountants are conducted at the client’s premises.

WHAT DOES THE ACCOUNTANT’S JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The job market for an accountant lies in four areas and the chances of finding a job is explained in order of highest probability as follows. A newly qualified accountant can easily find a job in an audit firm. Practically, these organizations tend to have high levels of employment turnover every now and then, not because they lay people off, NOPE, but simply because most people usually get to be pouched/offered other jobs from other companies due to the fact that these staffs work around in different organisation in carrying out their duties. Some companies are just private companies that are in different industries such as commercial, retail and trade, manufacturing, Insurance, Banking, Farming, Telecommunications to mention but a few including government institutions. Basically, almost every organisation requires an accountant and that makes it easy for an accountant to find himself/herself a job on the market. Non-governmental organisations are also other employers on list that an accountant can get a job with and pursue his/her dreams.

The job market in the Accountancy industry is sort of a balanced market as every now-and-then, individuals and companies look for better ways of managing their finances and fair taxes payable to the government ensuring that they do not incur penalties and/or found wanting thereby the need for accountants on board to manage these tasks.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE AN ACCOUNTANT?

To work as an accountant, there are many accountancy programs being offered by a variety of institutions in Zambia such as CA Zambia (CA), Bachelor of Accountancy, Finance, Banking, Public Sector Financial Management (PSFM) and Taxation among others. There are also some international professional accountancy qualifications that someone can alternatively or additionally pursue such as ACCA, CIMA, CISA and CPA. These international programmes have branch offices and some accredited institutions that offer them in Zambia. They are, however, also regulated by the Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants (ZICA).

WHAT MODES OF STUDY ARE AVAILABLE?

Accountancy programs are the easiest to pursue given that they can be pursued as full-time (attending full-time classes with a registered institution), part-time (attending classes only either in the evenings after work or on weekends) and even on self-study basis (buying study materials and studying freely at home). All that you need is to visit the institution offering the programs such as ZICA, CBU, UOA, Cavendish University, Lusaka University, etc get registered and buy appropriate materials, study the course then later on pay for the exams and write.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

As most accountancy-based programs, its competitive and entry depends on the levels of competition in the institution offering the program. Typically, they look for twelve (12) points in six subjects and below which should include a credit or better in Mathematics and English with four other subjects.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy being an accountant, you need to be a person who loves statistical/mathematical based subjects. In your first year you will learn these and you need to pass them. After graduation, to enjoy work, you need to be a person who loves to be up to-date with the current environmental changes including technological advancements as well as thinking outside the box in figuring out impacts and solutions that these may have on businesses. All that needs what is referred to as a Continued Professional Development (CPD) zeal embedded in you. In a lay-man’s language, this is basically having a mindset that is willing to keep learning new things and finding efficient ways of doing it to achieve success.

ARE THERE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Yes, there are. Once you study accountancy, you may decide to pursue a Master of Science in Accounting, Masters in Finance, Master’s Degree in Audit of accounts and superior accounting, Master of Science in Forensic Accounting, Master of Science in Metals and Energy Finance, to mention but a few. A master’s degree gives you an upper hand when it comes to finding new jobs in competitive market environments especially abroad. It’s a sign that apart from general skills, you have taken keen interest to master one area of your job more than other people. With a master’s degree one would become a university lecturer as well.

Categories
Business

Business Administration

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND WHO IS A BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR?

Business Administration is a field of study that is designed to prepare students for effective careers in the management of private and non-profit organizations in Zambia and around the world. The curriculum helps students develop the conceptual, human, technical and operational knowledge and skills that are critical for success.

The person who has studied Business Administration is called a business administrator. Business Administration can lead to careers in accounting, entrepreneurship, finance, general management, human resource management, international business, and marketing. Armed with a thorough knowledge of business principles and practice, graduates have gone on to pursue careers as accountants, financial analysts, policy analysts, corporate executives, civil servants, independent entrepreneurs, marketing managers, human resource managers and much more.

WHERE DO BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES WORK?

Business Administrators work in every industry, from small businesses to large firms with thousands of employees. They work as Marketing and Sales Managers, A marketing and sales manager oversees a company’s sales team and is ultimately responsible for revenue production within an organization. They work for consultancy firms as Business Consultants, Business consultants, also referred to as management consultants, they help companies propose ways to improve a business’s efficiency. They work for large organisations and corporations like ZESCO Limited as commercial analysts, business development officers and Financial Analysts, Financial analysts gather data such as earnings releases, run financial models and make financial recommendations. They work as Market Research Analysts, a market research analyst helps a company understand who their customers are, what products they should be selling, and how they can successfully promote those products. They work as HR managers in every industry, while the primary function of human resources specialists is to recruit, screen, interview and hire employees, most human resources specialists are trained in all HR functions, and therefore they frequently handle other human resources work, such as employee relations, compensation and benefits, and training.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

In business, the day-to-day tasks are just as important as long-term outlooks for the future. A business administrator is involved in all areas of the business, including IT, communication, marketing and finance/accounting. Business administrators are expected to work regularly with computers, compile information, be involved in decision-making and problem solving, and communicate with staff and process information. On the job, business administrators are expected to:

Provide office support and manage activities related to the business, setting up meetings, scheduling appointments, sorting documents, Oversee organisational budgets and finances, Organise invoicing, Keep well-organised files and records of business activity, Assist in project management, Analyse financial statements and sales reports, Establish organisational goals, policies and procedures, Negotiate or approve contracts and agreements and In some cases, act as an office all-rounder, meaning they can handle any kind of office administrative tasks.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR?

If one is working for a government departments or any other business company they typically follow the normal 08hrs to 17hrs work schedule Monday to Friday and they are also entitled to other public holidays depending on the schedule of the organization one is working for.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

A qualification in business administration is very marketable, it provides you with the skills and knowledge today’s employers are seeking. You can pursue a wide variety of career paths. From working at leading corporations to entrepreneurship, the diverse education you’ll receive in business administration can prepare you for a variety of careers and in a variety of Companies and organisations. We are living in a fast-paced, global business world. You won’t just learn about the newest business technologies and innovations, you’ll learn how to use that information to give organizations a competitive, innovative edge and you are likely to get a job faster as compared to other occupations because it sets you apart from other job candidates, an important advantage in an increasingly competitive job market. Employers know that a qualification in Business Administration from a well-known institution in Zambia is designed not only to equip you with a diverse set of business skills you can apply even while you’re still learning, but also to help you develop the critical thinking skills needed to solve business problems in a real-world environment.

The private sector especially the business sector and other Organisation is the largest employer of business administration graduates, the public sector also employs but not to the great extent.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy being a business administrator, you need to be a person who has good time management, it’s a key business administration skill to possess because most times you will be writing a list of all the tasks you need to do in a day, allocating a time value to each one. You also need to be someone who enjoys Problem Solving, Problems do crop up from time to time. But if you can bring a solution to the problem, instead of just highlighting what’s wrong, then you’re well on the way to winning at this key skill. You also need be someone who is good at Budget Management, this is another vital skill that employers need on the team. The ability to manage money from petty cash to huge budgets for events and salaries is hugely important in the workplace. Keep detailed notes of all money that flows in or out of your work account, and keep a paper trail. When it comes to cash, it’s important to be able to prove where things went, and that you were authorized to pay for something at all.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?
When you enrol in any university in Zambia you are expected to do the following subjects: Principles of business administration, Study and Communication skills, Principles of Accounting, Management essentials for today’s business, Mathematical Analysis, Business Environment, Essentials of Business Law, Macroeconomics, Marketing Basics for Competitive Positioning, Intermediate Economic Theory, Introduction to Information System, Decision Making Techniques, Managerial Finance, Management Accounting, Financial Information System, Decision Making Techniques, Operations Management, Managerial Economics, Operations Research, Public Finance, Business Forecasting, Company Law, Research Methods, Human Resource Management , Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Marketing Research. These subjects run from first year up to fourth year and you have to do at least four each semester.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

To qualify for this program you need to have (5) Ordinary levels including Mathematics and English, a diploma from a well recognised college is an added advantage.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR?

To work as a business administrator, alternative qualifications include economics, marketing and accounting but typically a Zambian business administrator needs to have a degree in business administration.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Once you study Business Administration, you may decide to pursue a master’s degree in Business Admiration (MBA), or labour relations or Economics or Public administration. A master’s degree gives you an upper hand when it comes to finding new jobs in competitive environments especially abroad. It’s a sign that apart from general skills, you have taken keen interest to master one area of your job more than other people. With a master’s degree one would become a university lecturer as well.

The reason you need to advance your qualifications is because, the workforce is becoming more diverse every day. Hence the need to advance your career for increased retention rate, a higher retention rate is beneficial to the organization because it reduces the cost of hiring. Some organizations need a combination of education and several years of related work experience to become a manager. Although a bachelor’s degree is sufficient for most positions, some jobs require a master’s degree. Candidates should have strong interpersonal skills. Some higher level jobs require a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) or other related fields like Marketing or Human Resources Management.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time and Part-Time
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: deansb@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

ZAMBIA CENTRE OF ACCOUNTANCY STUDIES UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: August
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 232093 / +260 211 222542
Email: information@zcas.edu.zm
Website: www.zcas.ac.zm/zcas-university/fees

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full-Time
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: September
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 228004
Email: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 4 Years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business and Information Technology
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business and Management
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 972 832671 / +260 976 075850
E-mail: registraracademic@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/fees.php

KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: September for Full-Time, and April for Distance Learning
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 975 900402/+260 953 909029
Email: registrar@nkrumah.edu.zm
Website: www.nkrumah.edu.zm

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school:
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 228803
Email: registrar@nipa.ac.zm
Website: www.nipa.ac.zm

KENNETH KAUNDA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: July for Full-Tim and Part-Time, and October for Distance Learning
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 268471/+260 965 943695
Email: admissions@kkmu.edu.zm
Website: www.kkmu.edu.zm

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time, and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Law and Business Studies
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 843535/+260 977 794995
Email: edenuniversity@edenuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm

THE ZAMBIA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: Faculty of Business Management and Finance
Intakes: January and July for Full-Time and Part-Time, and April, August and December for Distance Learning
Location: Kalulushi
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 730209/+260 974 305033
Email: registrar@zcuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.zcuniversity.edu.zm/financeandfees.html

Categories
Health sciences

Biomedical Sciences

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND WHO IS A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?

Biomedical science is a basic research field that focuses on aspects of human health and disease. It is a combination of several analytical sciences that are used in a multidisciplinary fashion to investigate normal life processes, human disease and its progression, and treatment. A biomedical scientist is a qualified and registered practitioner who works in the pathology department of a hospital or clinic. Biomedical scientists conduct scientific and laboratory research to support diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

WHERE DO BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS WORK?

Biomedical scientists can work in medical laboratories of both government and private hospitals including privately owned diagnostic laboratories independent of hospitals. Here they apply their knowledge and skills in the science of clinical laboratory diagnosis. They test, analyse and review body fluids and tissue in order to advise medical practitioners.

Biomedical scientists also work in biomedical research institutes which undertake research into the causes and effects of diseases and develop new treatments and therapies for human illnesses, diseases and disabilities. Examples of these in Zambia include the tropical diseases research centre (TDRC), University of Zambia, and NGOs in particular the Centre for infectious disease research in Zambia (CIDRZ). These institutions mainly focus on diseases that pose major health challenges in the country such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. They look into the health problems that communities face and try to devise ways of controlling them.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

In a medical laboratory, tasks usually involve carrying out tests and analyses of clinical specimens as requested by clinicians to aid them in diagnosis and treatment. There are various tests which are conducted in a medical laboratory on a daily basis but most could be classified into the following; haematology (e.g., full blood count), serology (e.g., HIV tests), microbiology (e.g. bacteria cultures) and biochemistry (e.g. fasting blood sugar). Biomedical scientists make use of laboratory equipment such as microscopes, ultracentrifuges, haematology analysers, autoclaves and other apparatus in order to perform such tests.

Working in biomedical research institutes involves conducting careful experimentation, laboratory work, observation, and analysis of biological processes and the causes of disease. Such research may be basic, aimed at furthering our understanding of the biology of disease-causing organisms, or it may be applied, directed at making new discoveries such as the search for an HIV vaccine. Once research is concluded, the findings are published and recommendations are made to the relevant authorities.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?

The work schedule of a biomedical scientist depends on the place where one works. In a medical laboratory attached to a hospital or health centre, they typically work in shifts (morning, afternoon and night) including weekends. In other hospitals, work may be from 08:00 – 17:00 hours, with one or two staff on-call for night time urgent test requests. In a diagnostic laboratory independent of a hospital, work may follow the normal 08:00 to 17:00 hours work schedule, Monday to Friday. Working in biomedical research or with NGOs may also follow this schedule.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Upon graduation and attaining their qualification, biomedical scientists are required to be registered and licensed by the health professions council of Zambia (HPCZ). A biomedical scientist can find a job in a medical laboratory of a public or private hospital. The largest employer is the government and so the job market is highly dependent on government recruitment. Employment could be a little tricky to come by but there is a good number of private hospitals and medical laboratories that have been established as well as newly constructed government hospitals, all of which require biomedical scientists. There is thus a reasonable number of employment opportunities.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To succeed in biomedical sciences, one needs to have an interest in science and technology as well as a good academic background in science-based subjects. The work of a biomedical scientist is very practical and technical in nature, one should be ready to do hands on work, operating high-tech machines, microscopes and specialist laboratory equipment. It is also essential that a biomedical scientist has organizational skills because often the work in a medical laboratory involves carrying out various tests on numerous patients’ samples which are only tagged with patients file numbers and are very easy to mix up. One should be able to work in a methodical and systematic manner so as to avoid errors. Aside from this, a biomedical scientist should also be meticulous, paying particular attention to detail in order to produce highly accurate results even when under pressure.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

When a student enrols into the diploma program, they will first cover subjects such as Applied physics and chemistry, applied mathematics, Cell biology, and biochemistry. In latter years, they will narrow down to more specific biomedical subjects such as Immunology, Microbiology, Haematology, Histology and Parasitology.

Students in the degree program will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in their first year of study. In the following years, they move on to cover more specific biomedical courses such as Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology, Haematology and Epidemiology.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

As with most science-based degree programs, entrance is quite competitive. Actual cut-off point depends on the university of choice but typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 12 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12. A diploma in biomedical sciences or medical laboratory science can also be considered and will earn some exemptions.

Minimum entry requirements for the diploma program are a credit or better in Mathematics, Biology, Science, English and any other subject. But this may be higher depending on the level of competition at the college of choice.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?

To work as a biomedical scientist, typically a Zambian biomedical scientist needs to have studied for a bachelor of science in biomedical sciences (degree), while biomedical technologists hold a diploma in biomedical sciences. An alternative qualification that could enable one to work in a medical laboratory is medical laboratory sciences, though with this qualification a holder will not work in the capacity of a biomedical scientist but rather as support staff.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

To advance their qualifications, a biomedical sciences degree holder can pursue a Master’s degree in microbiology, parasitology, haematology, pathology, epidemiology etc. A master’s degree deepens one’s knowledge in a specialist field and also gives them an advantage in the job market especially for research roles.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-biomedical-sciences

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and Evening
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

CHIKANKATA COLLEGE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: July
Location: Mazabuka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 359507 / +260 965 992027 / +260 0213 235828
Email: ccbsdept@gmail.com / ppilingana@yahoo.co.uk
Website: www.salvationarmy.org/chikankata/scheduleoffees

NDOLA COLLEGE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January
Location: Ndola
Contacts
Tel: +260 0212 612361
Email: info@ncbszambia.org
Website: www.ncbszambia.org

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: bloloji@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com