INSTITUTIONS OFFERING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND WHO IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICER/PRACTITIONER?

Environmental health is about understanding the interactions of environmental factors with biological systems. Environmental health can be defined as the interconnections between people and their environment by which human health and a balanced, non-polluted environment are sustained or degraded. Environmental health is focused on the natural and built environments for the benefit of human health.

It can also be defined as a science of human injury and illness prevention as well as well-being advancement. This involves identifying and analyzing environments and hazardous agents while limiting exposures to other hazardous physical, chemical, and biological agents in elements that may affect health.

People who have studied environmental health in Zambia are commonly known as Environmental health officers (EHOs) but in other instances they are referred to as Environmental health practitioners or simply health inspectors and they have a duty to make sure that people’s surroundings are safe, healthy and hygienic.

WHERE DO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICERS/PRACTITIONER WORK?

Environmental health professionals are usually employed by the government to advice on and enforce public health standards. However, many are employed in the private sector, the military and other third sector agencies such as charities and NGOs. Mining companies monitor environmental health, local councils monitor environmental health and the ministry of health also monitor environmental health.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Environmental health officers are responsible for monitoring and enforcing health and hygiene legislation. They also investigate when there’s an incident, such as pollution, a noise problem, toxic contamination, pest infestation or an outbreak of food poisoning. Monitors and improves public/environmental health standards. Environmental health practitioners play an important role in private industry and in the state sector in ensuring that proper standards are achieved. They do this through advice, education, monitoring and regulation.

Environmental health officers are responsible for monitoring and enforcing standards of environmental and public health, including food hygiene, safety at work, housing and noise and pollution control, preventing environmental health conditions injurious to health and promoting good environmental practices. They are most of the times in the community where they inspect premises, collect evidence from incidents and provide advice.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICER?

The work schedule for EHOs dependent on the organisation, terms of contract as well the work at hand, most EHOs have work schedule ranging from 08hrs to 17hrs from Monday to Friday. Most of their work are done in the field and are very much prone to long working hours as it has been seen during the Covid-19 pandemic.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Environmental health is one of the most marketable health professionals in Zambia. The government is the major employer of EHOs but they can also work in industries for large manufacturers, wok for occupational health and health consultancies. EHOs can also work for health related Non-Governmental Organisations such as CHAZ as well as in colleges and universities as lecturers.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Being an Environmental health officer does not only require the love for science but also, to a great extent, the love for the people’s wellbeing. It is also important to note that an EHO may not be liked by everyone as he/she is also involved in the enforcement of the law through health public inspections. It from this understanding that an EHO should be able to work long hours in the field, able to work as part of the team, able to explain legislation and procedures to people from all backgrounds, and also able to analyze and solve problems.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

The combination of courses is different from various institutions but have a lot in common, from the University Of Zambia you will learn the A level sciences such as biology and chemistry as well as mathematics in the first year and eventually move to more specific courses in the second year such as ecological systems, food and science nutrition, human anatomy and physiology, principals of environmental health. From other institutions you will also learn writing or communication skills in the first year.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

It is very important to note that the entry requirements are very much dependent on the institution of interest as well as whether your application is for a diploma or degree program. In Zambia, diploma programs have relatively lower cut-off points as compared to the degree. At institutions such as the University Of Zambia and Copperbelt University, the cut-off points are higher than at other universities for the same program because of stiff competition for few places. In general you need to have 12 points or less in five subjects including Mathematics, Science, and English with two other subjects for a degree and 18 or less for a diploma.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OFFICER?

Unlike other fields in Health Sciences, the path to being an Environmental Health Officer is not only restricted to Environmental Health. You can become an Environmental Health Officer also through the study in Environmental Science and Public Health. There are as well as other social science courses such as the Bachelor of Education in Environmental Education (B.ED.EE) from the University of Zambia, under the school of education that can lead you to becoming an Environmental Health Officer.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Environmental Health can be pursued from as low as a college diploma and be seen all the way through to a bachelors degree, masters and let alone a PhD in environmental health. Considering the relationship between Environmental Health and Public Health, you can also advance to masters in Public Health. The masters degree will broaden your chances of getting a job from institutions where a diploma or degree would not get you as it will also help you compete at a global level in as far as job opportunities are concerned. The advancement will further increase the level of salary and benefits that you will be able to attract as it will sharpen your understanding as well as your general skill in the field of study. When you pursue a masters in a different but similar program such as Public Health and Environmental Science, it can help you expand your field of specialty and hence broaden your chances of working with various institutions.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER ENVIROMENTAL HEALTH

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-environmental-health

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: November
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

RUSANGU UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Monze
Contacts
Email: info@ru.edu.zm
Tel: +260 977 929260 / +260 963 467421
Website: www.ru.edu.zm.dedi542.jnb1.host-h.net/downloads/

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: lungu.john@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com

UNITED CHURCH OF ZAMBIA UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and distance learning
Admitting School: Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 211029
Website: www.uczuniversity.org

NKANA COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 447390/ 0961 868690/ 0979 830165/ 0979 588189/ 0977 872947
Email: ncase.enquiries@gmail.com
Facebook: Nkana College of Applied Sciences and Education

ZAMBIA INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 966 287198 / +260 968926420 / +260 963 567274
Email: admissions@zimpsonline.com
Facebook: Zambia Institute for Medical and Psychological Studies

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING DENTAL SURGERY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS DENTISTRY (DENTAL SURGERY) AND WHO IS A DENTIST?

Dentistry, also called dental surgery, is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, commonly involving the teeth and gums but also in the surrounding structures such as the jaws, tongue and salivary glands. A dentist is a doctor of oral health who has earned at least a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree or it’s equivalent.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

A typical day for a dentist in general practice will involve examining patients reporting to the dental clinic, diagnosing oral disease and formulating a treatment plan to restore or maintain oral health. They may perform tasks such as preparing and placing fillings, tooth extractions, professional cleaning, inserting braces, dentures or prostheses, and root canal therapy. Dentists may prescribe medications such as antibiotics, pain killers, sedatives and any other medications useful in patient management. The work and expertise of dentists are broad and involves much more than these common dental procedures. Examples of more advanced procedures that dentists perform include the removal of tumors affecting the jaw and repair of facial fractures in accident victims.

Dentists make use of equipment such as drills, probes, forceps, mouth mirrors and x-ray machines to aid in their work. Dentists’ training enables them to recognise situations that require referral of patients to dental specialists or even to physicians.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A DENTIST?

Dental clinics are usually open from 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours during the week and are closed on the weekends and holidays. In a hospital setting, dentists may be required to work over the weekends or during the night when on-call.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

After graduation from dental school and obtaining a provisional license from the health professionals council of Zambia (HPCZ), a graduate must undergo a mandatory period of internship working under the supervision of a team of dentists, before obtaining full registration as a licensed dental practitioner. Zambian government policy is that such internship be only offered at government hospitals having dental consultants. As such, government is the major employer of new dental school graduates as interns. When fully registered and licensed as a dental practitioner, a dentist may also work elsewhere. This may be in private dental clinics, private hospitals, mine hospitals, or with NGOs.

There is a critical shortage of dentists in Zambia, with training dentists locally beginning only in 2011. This entails that there is a high demand for dentists and as such, employment opportunities are many.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Dentistry as a program of study is very demanding. The program assumes that a student has a good background in science. It is therefore important for someone to have an interest and aptitude for science-based subjects especially biology, chemistry and physics. A career in dentistry requires someone to have good communication skills, patience, compassion and empathy. All of these are important because dentistry involves working with people, usually children and patients who fear dental work. It is especially important for dentists to have good manual dexterity (working with their hands). This is because dentists work with tools which they have to manoeuvre in a limited space. A good business sense and leadership skills may also come in handy as most dentists own their own practices.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING DENTAL SURGERY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

The level of education and clinical practice required to earn a dental degree are on par with those required for a medical degree. Courses covered in the first 3 years of dental and medical training are essentially the same. Upon entry into university, students will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in the first 1 or 2 years. The next 2 years focus on Basic Science courses which include Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and others. The coursework in the last 3 years focuses on the practical training of being a dentist and covers courses such as Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Operative Dentistry, Orthodontics, Endodontics and Periodontics.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Dental schools, just like medical schools, have high academic standards. Typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 10 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A DENTIST?

Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) is the first professional degree awarded upon graduation from dental schools in most commonwealth countries. In the United States and countries following their system, an equivalent dental degree is awarded as Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DDM). Apart from these, diplomas in dental therapy and dental technology are on offer at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University. These qualifications do not themselves qualify the holder to be a dentist. Depending on the setting and due to the major shortage of dentists in Zambia, dental therapists and technologists carry out many of the roles of a dentist in many Zambian hospitals.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

There are many master’s programs that allow a dentist to train and practice in a dental specialty of choice instead of just general dentistry. These dental specialties include endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, paediatric dentistry, maxillofacial surgery and others.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER DENTISTRY (DENTAL SURGERY)

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: November
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree), 3 years (diploma dental therapy/technology)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND WHO IS A SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SPECIALIST?

Occupational health and safety is the field of public health that studies trends in illnesses and injuries in the worker population and proposes and implements strategies and regulations to prevent them. Its scope is broad, encompassing a wide variety of disciplines from toxicology and epidemiology to ergonomics and violence prevention.

A safety and occupational health graduate is someone who has studied and graduated with a diploma or degree in safety and occupational health at a well-known college or university in Zambia or abroad. He/she is a specialist in monitoring of the health and safety of employees in the workplace.

WHERE DO SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SPECIALISTS WORK?

The largest employers of occupational health and safety specialists were as follows:

They work in Government departments and agencies, e.g. at ZESCO they work as SHEQ officers. They also work in mines, manufacturing industry, construction companies, hospitals, they also work in various companies in management, and they also do technical consulting services.

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians work in a variety of settings, such as offices or factories. Their jobs often involve considerable fieldwork and travel. They may be exposed to dangerous or stressful conditions. They use gloves, helmets, respirators, and other personal protective and safety equipment to minimize the risk of illness and injury.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians typically do the following tasks on daily basis:

Inspect, test and evaluate workplace environments, equipment and practices to ensure that they follow safety standards and government regulations, prepare written reports on their findings, design and implement workplace processes and procedures that help protect workers from hazardous work conditions, evaluate programs on workplace health and safety, educate employers and workers about workplace safety by preparing and  providing training programs, demonstrate the correct use of safety equipment, investigate incidents and accidents to identify what caused them and how they might be prevented.

They also examine the workplace for environmental or physical factors that could affect employee health, safety, comfort, and performance. They may examine factors such as lighting, equipment, materials, and ventilation. Some develop and conduct employee safety and training programs. These programs cover a range of topics, such as how to use safety equipment correctly and how to respond in an emergency.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GRADUATE?

Most occupational health and safety specialists and technicians work full time. Some may work weekends or irregular hours in emergencies.

Occupational health and safety specialists can assist in offices, warehouses, shops, construction sites and more by preventing hazards before they occur. Workers are busy with their normal routines, meeting deadlines, and progressing in their own careers. They should not have to worry about their safety and risk of injury. That is why occupational health and safety specialists commit themselves to workplace safety, finding and solving occupational risks to health and well-being. It is a career for those who want to solve problems that may save lives. Hence, they don’t have specific work schedule.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Applicants for jobs as occupational health and safety specialists or technicians with a background in the sciences, experience in more than one area of health and safety, or certification have the best job prospects in Zambia. Specialists and technicians are needed to work in a variety of industries, mines and government agencies to ensure that employers are adhering to both existing and new regulations. In addition, specialists are necessary because insurance costs and workers’ compensation costs have become a concern for many employers and insurance companies. An aging population is remaining in the workforce longer than past generations did, and older workers usually have a greater proportion of workers’ compensation claims.

They can find jobs in mines such as Nevada Gold Mines in Lumwana, first quantum in Solwezi, Mopani Coppermine, among other companies. They take jobs with titles such as Analysis or Research Safety Inspector, Cause Analyst, Certified Indoor Environmentalist, Certified Industrial Hygienist, Certified Professional Ergonomist, Chief of Safety and Protection, Chief Safety Officer, Corporate Environmental, Health and Safety Director, Environmental Health Inspector, Environmental Health Sanitarian, Environmental Health Technologist, SHEQ officer. To mention but a few.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy working as a safety and occupational health specialist in Zambia, you must be someone comfortable to work with advanced technology because you will often work with complex testing equipment. One must also have good communication skills; you must be able to communicate safety instructions and concerns to employees and managers. You need to be able to work with technicians to collect and test samples of possible hazards, such as dust in the workplace. One must also be detail oriented, you must pay attention to details. You need to recognize and adhere to specific safety standards and government regulations. One must also have Physical stamina. You must be able to stand for long periods and be able to travel regularly. Some specialists work in environments that can be uncomfortable, such as tunnels or mines. Problem-solving skills. Occupational health and safety specialists must be able to solve problems. They need to be able to find solutions to unsafe working conditions and environmental concerns in the workplace.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Once you enrol to study safety and occupation health, you are expected to do the following subjects, Introduction to occupational health and safety, Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health, Principles of health & safety management, Zambian Health & Safety Regulations, Contemporary issues in health and safety, Workplace and Work Equipment Safety, Loss causation and incident investigation, Hazardous Substances in the Workplace, Environmental Issues and Control Practice.

During their college years, students are exposed to internship opportunities in areas focused on health and occupational safety to gain real-life experience. In some special cases, companies may offer certification or recommendations to health and safety practitioners who have completed a certain amount of work.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

To qualify for this program, you need to have 5 O’ level credits including Mathematics and English.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SPECIALIST?

Occupational health and safety specialists typically need a bachelor’s degree in occupational health and safety or a related scientific or technical field, such as environment health/engineering, occupational safety management, biology or chemistry or industrial hygiene, health physics or ergonomics and accident prevention. Students can major in other areas such as biology, civil engineering, environmental engineering, and occupational safety if they want options.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Professionals who want to advance their careers further should consider earning an OHS degree. The bachelor’s degree allows someone to pursue a master’s such as in Safety and Occupational Health, environment health or engineering, public health, occupational safety management or industrial hygiene. This allows for specialization into a particular safety field. Specialization provides professionals with a competitive edge that can benefit your career growth because a master’s degree is a sign that apart from general skills, you have taken keen interest to master one area of your job more than other people. With a master’s degree one would become a university lecturer as well.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

ZAMBIA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kalulushi
Contacts
Tel: (+260) 212 730 209 or (+260) 974305033 or (+260) 968948551
E-mail: registrar@zcuniversity.edu.zm or regoffice@zcuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.zcuniversity.edu.zm/financeandfees.html

COPPERSTONE UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Baluba – Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 965 571607
E-mail: copperstonecustomercare@gmail.com
Website: www.copperstone.education

UNIVERSITY OF AFRICA
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Health Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 (0) 211 230 812
E-mail: admissions@keystoneuoa.com
Website: www.keystoneuoa.com/pricing#FeeStructure

CITIZEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: June/July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 968 817841
E-mail: kafula@citizenuniversity.ac.zm
Facebook: The Citizen University

ZAMBIA AIR SERVICES TRAINING INSTITUTE
Programme duration: 10 days (short course)
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: Ground Sciences School
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: (+260) 211 271293
E-mail: admissions@zasti.ac.zm
Website: www.zasti.ac.zm/

LUANSHYA TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS COLLEGE (LTBC)
Programme duration: 2 years Diploma
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Intakes: January
Location: Luanshya
Contacts
Tel: +206978395180
E-mail: info@ltbc.edu.zm
Website: www.ltbc.edu.zm

SHEQ BUSINESS COLLEGE
Programme duration: 1 year (certificate) / 2 years Diploma
Mode of study: Full-Time and Part-Time
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 966846275
E-mail: info@sheqtraininginstitute.org
Facebook: SHEQ Business College

LIVINGSTONE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TOURISM EXCELLENCE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Environment and Tourism
Intakes: January, July and September
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: (+260) 977203923
E-mail: admissions@lietebmuniversity.org
Website: liutebmuniversity.org

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING NURSING LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS NURSING AND WHO IS A REGISTERED NURSE?

Nursing is the profession that assumes responsibility for the continuous care of the sick, the injured, the disabled, and the dying either independently or as part of a multidisciplinary health care team. Nurses also play a critical role in the promotion of health and the prevention of illness in individuals, families, and communities in medical and community settings.

A registered nurse (RN) is a trained and licensed health professional whose highest nursing qualification is a diploma in registered nursing.

WHERE DO REGISTERED NURSES WORK?

Registered nurses (RNs) can work in any health care facility; health posts, rural health centers, urban clinics and hospitals. They are often the first, and sometimes the only health professional a patient will see and are therefore very important.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

In a ward setting, tasks involve monitoring patients’ vital signs and updating their charts accordingly. Nurses also administer medications and carry out various other nursing interventions such as inserting intravenous cannulas, bladder catheterization, wound cleaning and dressing, etc. Nurses are required to be able to use basic diagnostic medical devices such stethoscopes, sphygmomanometers (BP machines), thermometers, etc. in order to carry out their work effectively. It is also a nurse’s duty to teach patients and their families on the ways to manage their condition during recovery at home. The aim of the nurses’ work is to provide comfort and care that will enable a patient to improve or recover their health, and to achieve the best possible quality of life whatever their disease, until death.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A REGISTERED NURSE?

In a typical Zambian hospital, nurses work in rotating shifts (morning, afternoon, night), one shift per day. This schedule varies depending on the setting (e.g., rural clinic vs. general hospital), the levels of staffing and the level of seniority. In rural clinics, nurses may only work a single day time shift from morning (07:00 hrs) to evening (17:00 hrs) without rotating because these facilities may be closed at night. In bigger facilities such as urban clinics or general hospitals, the rotating shifts described above apply. In facilities with a bigger number of nursing staff, nurses may have one or two off days in a week, while in places with fewer staff there may be no off days and at times they can even work 2 concurrent shifts in a single day. This is because a health facility cannot be open without nursing staff present. Senior nursing staff such as matrons do not work shifts. Their job is more administrative and they usually work day time from 07:00hrs to 17:00hrs on weekdays only and are off on weekends. As a general rule, working night duty for seven successive days is normally be followed by seven successive off-days, but this may not be the case in some private hospitals which have their own systems.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The largest employer of RNs in Zambia is the government. Other employers are mission hospitals and the private sector including mine hospitals. There is a major shortage of nursing staff in the country therefore the government regularly recruits RNs. All nursing staff in Zambia are required to be registered with the General Nursing Council of Zambia (GNCZ).

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

As in most health science programs, a nursing student must have an interest in science-based subjects such as biology, chemistry and nutrition. To enjoy a career in nursing, one must have a great deal of compassion and empathy (ability to understand what someone is experiencing without oneself experiencing it). Good communication and listening skills are also needed in order to effectively communicate with clients.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING NURSING LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

The foundation semester introduces new students to nursing sciences covering courses such as Anatomy & Physiology, Microbiology, Sociology and Professional practice. Courses covered in the remaining period of study include Medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics, Pharmacology and Reproductive Health.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Minimum entry requirements to nursing schools are a credit or better in Mathematics, English and Science along with any other 2 subjects at grade 12. Actual cut-off point usually depends on the level of competition at the school of choice. Government schools of nursing tend to be more competitive.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A NURSE?

Apart from a diploma in registered nursing, one can opt to pursue either a diploma in registered public health nursing (PHN) or a diploma in registered midwifery. PHN is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on the health needs of communities with the aim of promoting and protecting the health of the population. Whereas the client of an RN is the patient presenting to a health center, the client of a PHN is the community. Midwifery in contrast, is sufficiently different that it is not considered a branch of nursing, though the training is similar in structure and length. A school leaver can enrol directly into a registered midwifery program but there are also shortened programs that allow for an RN to become a registered nurse-midwife.

Undergraduate Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and Bachelor of Science in Midwifery degrees are on offer at some universities such as UNZA. These are academic degrees with the primary aim of developing Nurse-practitioners, Nurse Tutors and educators. They also allow for greater career advancement opportunities and, administrative and research roles.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

A registered nurse (RN) can top up their academic qualification by studying for Registered Nurse-Midwifery, Operating Theatre Nursing, Critical Care Nursing, Paediatric Nursing, etc. These are mostly 1-year diploma programs and there aim is for specialization. Minimum entry requirements to these specialized fields of nursing include a diploma in registered nursing. A school leaver can therefore not enrol directly into these fields without first obtaining a diploma in RN.

RNs can also enrol for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree where they may be exempted from years 1 and 2. A BSN will allow for a holder to pursue Master’s and PhD programs. These degrees qualify the holder for teaching, research, consulting and administrative roles that would usually not be available to RNs but are not essential for most patient care duties.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER NURSING

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Distance
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252453
E-mail: dean-nursingscience@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-nursing

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Nursing
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree) / 3 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Science
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 966 728629
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Science
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

KASAMA COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kasama
Contacts
Tel: +260 214 221024

CHILONGA COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: July
Location: Mpika
Contacts
Tel: +260 966 362978

SOLWEZI COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Solwezi
Contacts
Tel: +260 218 821404

 
LIVINGSTONE COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Livingstone
Contacts
Tel: +260 213 321883

NDOLA COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and E-learning
Intakes: January and July
Location: Ndola
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 614859

COPPERBELT NURSING POLYTECHNIC
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and E-learning
Intakes: January and July
Location: Ndola
Contacts
Tel: +260 978 752504
Facebook: Copperbelt Nursing Polytechnic LTD

 
CHIPATA COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and E-learning
Intakes: January and July
Location: Chipata
Contacts
Tel: +260 216 221371

LEWANIKA COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Mongu
Contacts
Tel: +260 217 221468

KABWE COLLEGE OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 222301

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING RADIOGRAPHY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS RADIOGRAPHY AND WHO IS RADIOGRAPHER?

Radiography, or more specifically medical radiography, is the art and science of using radiation to provide images of tissues, organs, bones and vessels that comprise the human body. There are two kinds of radiography: Diagnostic radiography, which is the use of radiation to investigate a patient’s illness or injury, and; Therapeutic radiography, which is the use of various kinds of radiation to treat an illness or injury.

Radiographers are healthcare professionals that use radiation for diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases. They are responsible for producing many of the diagnostic images of the patient that radiologists or clinicians use to diagnose patient conditions.

Radiologists are medical doctors who have had special training in interpreting diagnostic images. Radiology is not discussed in this article.

WHERE DO RADIOGRAPHERS WORK?

Radiographers mainly work for hospitals both public and private, under the imaging or radiology departments.  Here, work involves the use of the radiologic machinery and imaging modalities that include x-ray, mammography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), angiography, fluoroscopy, and ultrasound in order to produce diagnostic images of patients’ internal organs.

Aside from hospitals, radiographers may also find employment with the health professionals council of Zambia (HPCZ) or the radiation protection authority (RPA) working as inspectors.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

An ordinary work day for a radiographer working in a hospital involves carrying out examinations such as chest x-rays, forearm x-rays, and obstetric ultrasounds. On certain days, they also conduct special exams such as hysterosalpingography (HSG), urethrography, barium studies and intravenous urography (IVU). These investigations are mainly useful in assessing the patency of hollow organs and tubes. There is limited availability of CT and MRI in Zambia but if working in a place where these are available, a radiographer is expected to carry out such exams. Radiographers are also responsible for radiation safety and checking equipment for any malfunctions.

Due to the absence of radiologists in most Zambian hospitals, radiographers may also do interpretation of images or film reporting, though this should normally be a job for a radiologist.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A RADIOGRAPHER?

Radiographers in government hospitals work in shifts. Depending on the level of staffing, this could either be in three shifts (morning, afternoon and night) or simply two (day shift and night shift), one shift per day. Radiology and imaging departments are open on every day of the week, including public holidays. Due to continual exposure to radiation, radiographers are periodically given a radiation break lasting a month after which they can return to work.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Government is the major employer of radiographers in Zambia. Due to the limited number of positions for radiographers in hospitals, the job market is competitive. Even while that is the case, the health sector is ever growing and there are a good number of hospitals, both public and private, that are being opened. A graduate will therefore eventually come across employment opportunities.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

From secondary school, someone wishing to study radiography must have an interest in physics and biology. As with all other healthcare professionals, radiographers should have good interpersonal skills. This is because they work very closely with patients many of whom are seriously ill or injured and are distressed about medical exams. They need to be able to earn their patients’ trust and put them at ease before conducting the exam. Radiographers must also have a passion for technology and be highly adaptable to emerging advances in imaging techniques. To enjoy work, a radiographer should have sharp analytical skills and a desire to help others.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING RADIOGRAPHY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Some of the subjects covered during training are human anatomy and physiology, pathology, imaging technique, imaging equipment and radiation protection. Degree programs start with one year of A’ levels in the natural sciences; mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Minimum entry requirements for grade 12 school leavers are 5 O’ level credits inclusive of Mathematics, Science and English. Cut-off points vary from institution to institution but are generally higher in universities. Diploma holders in radiography can be admitted to the degree program and be exempted from the initial years of study.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A RADIOGRAPHER?

Aside from radiography, someone who wants to work in medical imaging can opt to study other radiography-based programmes such as ultrasound or nuclear medicine. Holders of such qualifications have more expertise in one particular imaging modality unlike radiography which is more general.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Diploma holders can upgrade to a bachelor’s degree in radiography where they may be exempted from some years of study. The degree holder can study for a Master of medicine in Radiography and subsequently a PhD. Alternatively, diploma holders can enrol into a bachelor’s degree program that focuses on one particular imaging modality such as Ultrasound and the same applies for bachelor’s degree holders who can as well do a master’s in one particular field. Upgrading of qualifications better positions a person to be promoted to senior positions and also gives an upper hand in the job market. With a master’s, one can also venture into academics and work as a lecturer.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER RADIOGRAPHY

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-radiography-diagnostic/therapeutic

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: emwansa@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING PUBLIC HEALTH LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH AND WHO IS A PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALIST?

Public health has been defined differently by different scholars. It is the science of protecting the safety and improving the health of communities through education, policy making and research for disease and injury prevention. Public health is basically the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities.
Public health professionals are known by different titles, which all depend on their job descriptions as well as the organization of work. In Zambia they are mostly referred to as the Public Health Specialists. Public Health Specialists try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services and conducting research. Unlike most of the health professionals, public health has a very huge focus on the prevention of health calamities to a greater extent than is the case on the cure. Being a public health specialist enables you to work around the world, address health problems of communities as a whole, and influence policies that affect the health of societies.

WHERE DO PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALISTS WORK?

Public health specialists have a very wide job market in Zambia and the presence of HIV/AIDS and other fatal diseases have seen an increase in the need of PHS. Public health specialists can work in so many organisations, not limited to the following:
• Hospitals/clinics under the public health department which works with the mobile clinics.
• Government agencies, such as the Drug Enforcement Commission.
• Nonprofits, such as the USAID, Red Cross, CHAZ and other organizations with the keen interest in public health.
• Private sector companies, such as health insurers and pharmaceutical companies.
• Colleges and universities, such as schools of public health or medicine as researchers and/or lecturers.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Work tasks of a Public Health Specialist may vary depending on the objectives of an organization of work. PHSs often Conduct scientific researches and educate communities about health matters. They strive for healthy and safe working conditions for the public. That can mean vaccinating children and adults to prevent the spread of disease or educating people about the risks of alcohol and tobacco and they also set safety standards to protect workers and develops school nutrition programs to ensure kids have access to healthy food.
Public health specialists track disease outbreaks, prevent injuries and shed light on why some people are more prone to suffer from poor health than others and they also take part in the formulation of public health policies.

Other tasks include:
• Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community
• Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues, particularly the underserved and those at risk
• Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
• Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
• Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
• Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce
• Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALIST?

Most of the public health specialists in Zambia are mobile and thus making their work schedules complicated. Depending on the organisation as well as the terms of contract, most PHSs report for work from Monday to Friday from 08:00 to 17:00. Depending on the emergency of the work at hand PHSs may work very long hours and on weekends as well.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Public health is one of the most marketable health professionals in Zambia. The government is the major employer of PHSs, however, a reasonable number of public health specialists have also secured jobs with the non-profit institutions such the USAID, UNICEF, CHAZ and many other organisations having public health as a priority. They also work in colleges and universities as lecturers or researchers.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Like many other health science professionals, a public health specialist is meant to be the lover of science and research. The career personality calls for one with the willingness to work long hours, a team player as well as strong work ethics. A PHS should also be in possession of good communication skills (both written and verbal), capable of improvising, good interpersonal skills and analytical, computer as well as technical skills. He/she must as well be flexible.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER PUBLIC HEALTH

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Public Health and Environmental Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 972 832671 / +260 976 075850
E-mail: registraracademic@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/Fees.php

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING PHYSIOTHERAPY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS PHYSIOTHERAPY AND WHO IS A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

Physiotherapy is one of the many programs under the allied health sciences; it is a science based profession that is specifically concerned about the wellbeing and the health of a patient. Physiotherapy is primarily concerned with the treatment to restore, maintain and make the most of a patient’s mobility(musculoskeletal), function, and well-being by way of physical rehabilitation, injury prevention, and health and fitness.  Physiotherapy is used to improve a patient’s physical functions through physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis, physical intervention as well as patient education.

A physiotherapist is simply a person that has studied or specialized in physiotherapy, he/she helps people of different ages that may be affected by injury, illness or disability through movement and exercise, manual therapy, education and advice.

Physiotherapists further have in-depth knowledge of how the body works and specialized hands-on clinical skills to assess, diagnose, and treat symptoms of illness, injury and disability.

It is very important to note that physiotherapy may be referred by other institutions to as physical therapy and physiotherapists as physical therapists but they are simply two sides of the same coin.

WHERE DO PHYSIOTHERAPISTS WORK?

Physiotherapists, like many other health professionals, work in clinics/hospitals under the physiotherapy department. The services of a physiotherapist are interestingly not only required in hospitals but in so many fields as compared to what one may imagine.  In Zambia  a physiotherapist is required in places including schools, professional sports clubs, gyms, hotels and rehabilitation centers just to mention but a few. In Zambia, however, most physiotherapists work in private and public clinics/hospitals as well as in sport clubs.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Despite physiotherapists having to work in various institutions and setups, their tasks are arguably the same and that is assessing, diagnosing, and treating symptoms of illness, injury and disability. Other tasks may include:

• Encouraging exercise and movement
• Advising patients on leading a healthy lifestyle
• Keeping reports on patients and their progress
• Staying up to date with developments in treatments
• Administering manual treatments such as massage therapy or pressure point therapy

• Dealing with neck and back pain caused by problems in the muscles and skeleton
• Dealing with problems in the bones, joints, muscles and ligaments, such as arthritis and the after-effects of amputation
• Dealing with pelvic issues, such as bladder and bowel problems related to childbirth
• Dealing with loss of mobility because of trauma to the brain or spine, or due to diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

The schedule of work for physiotherapists is different in various institutions depending on the terms of contracts. In Zambia, most of the physiotherapists under public clinics/hospitals work from Monday to Friday from 08hrs to 17hrs. This however is not the case for those under sports club who may only be needed on some days of a week depending on the club’s schedule.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Physiotherapy is one of the health professions in Zambia with a broad job market. Of course the government is the major employer of physiotherapists in Zambia. However, physiotherapy is also marketable in the private sector including private hospitals, hotels, recreation facilities, as well as some health related Non-Governmental Organisations such as CHAZ.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To start with, a physiotherapist must at least be a lover of science as that is where it all starts with particular interest in anatomy and physiology. More importantly, physiotherapy has more to do with one’s heart than it does with one’s general intelligence; it asks for patience, initiative, empathy and above all sensitivity. A physiotherapist must be in possession of excellent communication skills as well as able to work under pressure and manage time effectively.

A physiotherapist must as well be social and corporative, compassionate and supportive, resilient and confident and also Fit and health-conscious.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING PHYSIOTHERAPY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Again, the courses or course combinations may differ in various academic institutions; for a diploma at Evelyn Hone College, in the first year, one is required to take Exercise therapy, anatomy, electrotherapy, mathematics, first aid, pathology, communication skills, human physiology and computer studies. While at the University of Zambia, for a bachelor’s degree, one is required to take A levels of mathematics and other sciences before majoring into physiotherapy specific courses in the second year.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The general entry requirement for health sciences in Zambia is basically a six or better in five subjects including mathematics and English (in this case including the sciences too).  This is however subjected to competition and thus bringing in the issue of cut off points. At the University of Zambia, the cut off point for a degree varies between 6 to 12 points (the gender of an applicant may also play a huge role here as females are relatively subjected to a lower cut off point). At Evelyn Hone College for a diploma, it varies between 6 to 18 points. Note that the cut-off point may be different at different institutions in the same academic year and from year to year.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

To work as a physiotherapist, one has to study for a degree or diploma in physiotherapy.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

It has been observed that the lowest qualification that one can attain in the field of physiotherapy is a diploma, but talking of the highest, let’s just say; ‘only the sky is the limit.’ One can attain a master’s degree or a PhD. As articulated in this summary, the advancement in the qualifications will broaden the opportunities and let alone the income. Because with higher qualifications, one can be employed to handle more complicated responsibilities which results in better rewards.

 

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER PHYSIOTHERAPY

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA Programme duration: 5 years (degree) Mode of study: Full-time only Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences Intakes: January (only) Location: Lusaka Contacts Tel: +26 0211 252641 E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-physiotherapy

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Programme duration: 5 years (degree) Mode of study: Full-time Admitting school: School of Health Sciences Intakes: January (only) Location: Lusaka Contacts Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693 Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Programme duration: 5 years (degree) Mode of study: Full-time only Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences Intakes: January and July Location: Lusaka Contacts Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203 Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) Mode of study: Full-time only Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences Intakes: January (only) Location: Lusaka Contacts Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208 Email: kalabacullen@rocketmail.com Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) Mode of study: Full-time only Intakes: January and July Location: Kafue Contacts Email: kafueihs@gmail.com Tel: +260 971 908366 Website: www.kihser.com

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING PHARMACY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS PHARMACY AND WHO IS A PHARMACIST?

Pharmacy is the health science that links medical science with chemistry and it is responsible for the discovery, production, control, disposal, safe as well as the effective use of drugs. Its primary concern is the preparation and standardization of drugs.

Pharmacists are responsible for the preparation of the dosage forms of drugs, such as tablets, capsules, and injections. They prescribe drugs to patients as well as educate them on both the old and new medications in order to ensure safety. Pharmacists can also be defined as medication experts who use their detailed knowledge of medicines to help patients get well.

It is also very important to note that pharmacists work hand in hand with other health personnel such as doctors, dentists and physicians in their will to provide suitable medications to various patients, minimizing on the side effects while optimizing the effectiveness of a drug.

WHERE DO PHARMACISTS WORK?

Pharmacists can work in various public and private organisations; one can work in a clinic/hospital under the pharmacy department as well as in the prisons and military under the same department.  A pharmacist can also work in community pharmacies (also known as drug stores or chemists in Zambia), in pharmaceutical production or sales in the pharmaceutical industry and universities/colleges as a lecturer or a researcher. Pharmacists can also work for non-governmental organizations especially those interested in the primary health care.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Pharmacists have a lot of tasks in as far as drugs and the health of patients are concerned. The tasks, however, differs depending on the place of work as well as the job descriptions. Generally, pharmacists are involved in all aspects of medicine delivery to patients, they prepare and package medication that a doctor has prescribed and also sell medication over the counter (the case of those running their own pharmacy). Pharmacists explain what the medicine is for, how it works, what to expect when taking the medication and what to look out for. If a patient or customer don’t understand any aspects of a given health condition, a pharmacist is well placed to help him or her.

Pharmacists might also offer advice on nutrition, exercise, stress management and other general health issues, sometimes (in the case of clinics/hospitals) direct patients to over-the-counter medications that might treat their symptoms.

Pharmacists are also tasked for:

• Ensuring that the supply of medicines is within the law
• Ensuring that the medicines prescribed to patients are suitable

• Supervising the medicines supply chain and ensure pharmacy premises and systems are fit for purpose
• Advising other healthcare professionals about safe and effective medicines use, and safe and secure supply of medicines
• responding to patients’ symptoms and advise on medicines for sale in pharmacies
• Providing services to patients, such as smoking cessation, blood pressure measurement and cholesterol management
• Supervising the production and preparation of medicines and assessments of quality of medicines before they are supplied to patients from pharmaceutical manufacturers.

• Partnering with consumers and patients to provide education and advice on the use of prescription and over-the-counter medications
• Collaborating with physicians, nurses, and other members of the health care team to provide expertise on drug decisions and improve patient outcomes
• Providing knowledge about the composition of drugs based upon their chemical, biological, and physical properties, as well as their manufacture and use
• Safeguarding drug purity and strength

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A PHARMACIST?

Pharmacists are faced with different work schedules in Zambia, all of which to a great extent depends on the institution as well as the terms of contract. Fulltime pharmacists in the Zambian public and private hospitals work from Monday to Friday from 08hrs to 17hrs and while those in community pharmacies may work even on weekends. They profession is very much prone to long working hours and may at multiple times involve working on weekends especially for those running researches in various institutions such as at times of emergency pandemics. Other pharmacists work on part time, especially those working with the non-profit organisations.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The job market for pharmacists is very good in Zambia, the interesting part is that while other health professions may solely rely on employment from some organisations, a pharmacist can easily run his/her own pharmacy. The government is the major employer of pharmacists in Zambia but yet still, a reasonable number of pharmacists work in pharmaceutical industries and in universities/colleges as lecturers or a researchers. Others work for non-governmental organizations dealing with health matters.

SALARY RANGES AND WHAT CONTROLS IT

Just like every other professional, the salary for pharmacists varies, depending on the organization, academic qualifications and skills as well as the geographical locations. The average salary for pharmacists in Zambia is around k7300 per month with the range of between k3900 to k11000. Note that the salary may be slightly lower/higher than the lowest average and also lower/higher than the highest range as economies evolve every day.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Pharmacy is a very dynamic health science as it is ever evolving; new diseases are being discovered just as much as new drugs. A pharmacist should be a lover of dynamic science and even more, a lover of people’s wellbeing. Other important attributes that a pharmacist should be in possession of include: Good memory, ability to accurately interpret prescriptions, detail-oriented, serve as a front-line educator, knowledgeable, Kind, empathy and humility.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING PHARMACY LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

In order to do Pharmacy from the University of Zambia, one will have to enrol in the school of Natural Sciences and in the first year, he/she will take the A levels in mathematics, chemistry, physics and biology and from these, points will have to be made, allowing him/her to major in pharmacy. From Evelyn Hone College, one will take courses in the first year such as dispensing, pharmaceutical calculations, pharmaceutics, microbiology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and communication skills.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

It is very important to note that the entry requirements are very much dependant on the institution of interest as well as whether your application is for a diploma or degree program. In Zambia, diploma programs attract relatively higher points as compared to the degree ones. Also institutions such as the University Of Zambia and Copperbelt Universities have lower cut-off points than other universities for the same program which is mostly attributed to the number of applicants they receive in a particular academic year. On average you need to have 10 points (or less) in five subjects including Mathematics, Science, and English with two other subjects for a degree. At Evelyn Hone College the average cut off point for a diploma in pharmacy is 15 points (or less).

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A PHARMACIST?

At the time of this writing, only those who study pharmacy can be become pharmacists.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Once one studies pharmacy, the available advanced qualifications are unlimited. From the initial diploma, one can attain a BA degree, master’s degree or even a PhD in pharmacy. The master’s degree will expand one’s chances of getting a jobs from institutions where a diploma or BA degree would not get him/her as it will also help one compete at a global level in as far as job opportunities are concerned. The advancement will further increase the level of salary and benefits.

The advancement in the qualifications will not only attract huge salaries for those in formal employment but will also raise the knowledge as well as the level of expertise for those running their own organizations such as the chemists, drug stores or pharmacies.

 

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER PHARMACY

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-pharmacy

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Allied Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 971 269480 / 81
Website: zm.tauedu.org

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: annsilwimba@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Health Science
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS MEDICINE AND WHO IS A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

Medicine, in the simplest of terms, is the science of health and healing. It encompasses the diagnosis, prognosis (predicting likely outcome of a disease), treatment, and prevention of disease. A medical doctor is a trained professional who practices medicine.

WHERE DO MEDICAL DOCTORS WORK?

A medical doctor can work as a clinician in government hospitals, mission hospitals, mine hospitals and private hospitals. Clinical practice involves working directly with patients in a hospital or health care setting.

A medical doctor could also work with non-governmental organisations that support health and wellness such as CARE international and Vision Aid.

A medical doctor could also go into biomedical research and work with institutions such as the tropical diseases research centre (TDRC), which researches ways to prevent and treat diseases. These are just a few examples. A medical doctor can work in any field where his/her services are needed.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

For medical doctors working as clinicians or general practitioners, day to day activities involve reviewing in-patients who have been admitted to the wards, monitoring their progress and guiding on treatment. Doctors will also attend to out-patients reporting to the clinic and assess them with the aim to diagnose, prognose, treat and prevent disease. They make use of basic diagnostic medical devices such as stethoscopes and thermometers but may also order further medical tests such as blood tests and x-rays to guide them on the best course of treatment. Depending on the setting, they may also be required to perform low complexity surgical and obstetric procedures where surgeons or obstetricians are absent, or refer patients with serious disease for specialized care.

For medical doctors working in biomedical research, they conduct careful experimentation, laboratory work, observation, and analysis of biological processes and the causes of disease. It may be basic, aimed at increasing fundamental scientific knowledge, or it may be applied, directed at making new discoveries such as the search for a vaccine for COVID-19.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

The work schedule of a clinician is the busiest and is influenced by many factors including the facility where one works, the number of patients attending such a facility, the position held (i.e., resident, registrar, consultant), etc. In a typical government hospital, a doctor can expect to be on-call once or twice a week, during which they will work a full 24-hour shift. On other days, work hours may run from 07:00 hours to 18:00 hours or earlier depending on the number of cases that need to be attended to. Because some health conditions are emergencies and life threatening, doctors can be called in to work at any time of the day on any day of the week.

Working in biomedical research or with NGOs may follow the normal 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours work schedule Monday to Friday.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

After graduation from medical school and obtaining a provisional license from the health professionals council of Zambia (HPCZ), a graduate must undergo a mandatory period of internship working under the supervision of a team of qualified doctors, before obtaining full registration as a licensed medical practitioner. Zambian government policy is that internship be only offered at government hospitals and a select few mission hospitals. As such, government is the major employer of new medical school graduates as junior resident medical officers (interns). When fully registered and licensed as a senior resident medical officer (SRMO), a medical doctor may also work elsewhere. This may be in mine hospitals, mission hospitals, and the private sector. These will typically only employ fully licensed medical practitioners (i.e., SRMO, registrars, specialists).

Because a graduate cannot work elsewhere without first going through internship and later obtaining a license, and because only the government hospitals offer such internship, the government has largest influence on the job market for medical doctors in Zambia.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Medicine both as a program of study and a career is very demanding. The program assumes that a student has a good background in science. It is therefore important for someone to have a love and aptitude for science-based subjects especially biology, chemistry and physics. A student must also be inquisitive (ask questions). Part of being a doctor involves deductive reasoning (gathering all the facts, evaluating them and making conclusions) which is why questions are important. To enjoy work, you need to have compassion and patience. You also need to be outgoing or at least be ready to be outgoing because medicine involves working with people.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Upon entry into university, students will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in the first 1 or 2 years. The next 2 years focus on Basic Science courses which include Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and others. The last 3 years are concerned with the practical training of being a medical doctor and focus on the Clinical Sciences (Internal Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Paediatrics)

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Admission to medical schools is very competitive but also dependent on the level of competition in the University of choice. Typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 10 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) are the first professional degrees awarded upon graduation from medical schools in most commonwealth countries (including Zambia). In the United States and countries following their system, an equivalent medical degree is awarded as Doctor of Medicine (MD).

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

There are two main career paths available for medical school graduates to take after they obtain their MBChB. The first career path is focused on the medical basic sciences. In this pathway, someone can choose to study for a masters degree in fields such as Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology or Biochemistry to mention a few. Holders of such master’s degrees are experts in their fields and usually work as researchers. They have very minimal contact with patients as their work is mainly focused on advancing the scientific understanding of the human body and disease. Their work, however directly influences the practice of clinicians.

The second career path is focused on the clinical sciences. In this pathway, one may enroll for postgraduate master’s programmes such as the Master of Medicine (MMed) in fields such as Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Orthopedics, Opthalmology, Urology or Psychiatry. Alternatively, medical graduates, upon satisfying the prescribed requirements in terms of work experience, are eligible to sit for examinations for membership and fellowship of professional institutions such as the Royal College of Surgeons, Royal College of Physicians or the College of Surgeons (east, central and southern Africa). The Zambia College of Medicine and Surgery also carries out training of specialists under the Specialist Training Program (STP). Holders of a fellowship, MMed or STP are clinical specialists in their fields. They mostly attend to patients with complex diseases who have been referred to them by general practitioners. A fellowship and/or an MMed gives someone an added advantage when searching for jobs especially abroad because specialists are highly sort after world over. 

Holding a master’s (in both clinical or basic sciences) or a fellowship qualifies someone to work as a lecturer in universities.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER MEDICINE

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 years of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-medicine-and-surgery

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: November
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Pre medicine (degree)
Mode: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Science, Engineering and Technology
Intakes: August
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 228004
E-mail: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 2 years medical foundation programme (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Pre medicine (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 972 832671 / +260 976 075850
E-mail: registraracademic@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/Fees.php

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 2 years Premedical Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 11⁄2 years Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1-year Foundation program (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 971 269480 / 81
Website: www.zm.tauedu.org

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CLINICAL MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT IS CLINICAL MEDICINE AND WHO IS CLINICAL OFFICER?

Clinical medicine is a field of medicine that deals primarily with the practice and study of medicine based on the direct examination of patients. Clinical medicine gives more emphasis to the practice of healing patients directly through diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In contrast, “conventional” medicine gives as much emphasis to theoretical knowledge as it does to practical knowledge thereby providing theoretical support for clinical practice. (For more information on the latter form of medicine, view the blog on Medicine).

A clinical officer (CO) is a qualified and licensed officer providing essential generalized and specialized medical care mostly at the primary health care level. Clinical officers who complete a diploma in clinical medicine (clinical medical sciences-general) are called Clinical Officer-General (COG) whereas those that attain a degree are called medical licentiates. Medical licentiates have more advanced skills in medicine and surgery and may be deployed interchangeably with doctors. They provide clinical care in hospitals and can also perform routine surgical and obstetric operations.

WHERE DO CLINICAL OFFICERS WORK?

Clinical officers can work in clinics and hospitals at all levels of healthcare provision. COs outnumber doctors especially in the rural areas and attend to a larger proportion of patients reporting to the clinic.

Degree holders can also work as lecturers or tutors at colleges offering diplomas in health science related courses or as clinical researchers in institutions or organizations that conduct biomedical research.
A clinical officer may also work for NGOs that support health and wellness such as society for family health (SFH) Zambia.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

A typical day at work for a clinical officer involves interviewing and examining patients who come into the clinic. They do this in order to determine the health status of the individuals and to establish diagnoses upon which they can initiate or terminate treatment or therapy. They may order additional medical tests such as x-rays or blood tests to support their diagnosis and to guide them on the best course of treatment. Medical licentiates may also perform routine surgical and obstetric operations such as a caesarean section (C-section). COs also observe patients admitted to the wards and refer those with serious disease to other practitioners.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CLINICAL OFFICER?

The work schedule of a CO depends on the place of work. In a healthcare setting, work is typically done in shifts (morning, afternoon and night). Working night duty for 7 consecutive days is followed by 7 off-days. There may be variations to this, for instance in the case of a rural clinic that only operates from 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours.

Working as lecturer, clinical scientist or researcher, or with NGOs may follow the normal 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours work schedule from Monday to Friday.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

All clinical officers in Zambia are required to be registered and licensed by the health professions council of Zambia (HPCZ). The largest employer of COs in Zambia is government through the Ministry of Health which deploys them in clinics and hospitals across the country. Employment can also be sought elsewhere such as in private hospitals, mission hospitals and mine hospitals. Newly graduated COs may find it a little challenging to find work in the private sector as most private hospitals only take on clinicians who have some work experience.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Clinical medicine is best suited to individuals who have an interest in science-based subjects, especially biology and chemistry. A clinical officer must have good communication skills in order to facilitate the patient interview. They should be compassionate and empathetic which simply means being able to understand what a patient is experiencing without themselves experiencing it. The work of a clinical officer requires someone with a good work ethic because it is quite demanding.

INSTITUTIONS OFFERING CLINICAL MEDICINE LISTED AT THE BOTTOM

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Students in the degree program will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in their first year of study. In the following years, courses covered include basic sciences such Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, and clinical sciences such as Internal Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics.

The diploma program covers similar subjects with varying degrees of focus on the basic and clinical sciences during the period of study. Subjects covered include anatomy & physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, emergency medicine, mental health and psychiatry, internal medicine, paediatrics and child health, surgery, obstetrics & gynaecology.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Minimum entry requirements to the diploma program are a five ‘O’ level credits or better in Mathematics, Science, Biology, English and any other subject.

Minimum requirements for school leavers direct entry to the degree program are a full grade twelve school certificate with 5 credits or better, four of which must be English, Mathematics, Biology and Science. Holders of a diploma in clinical medicine or any other relevant diploma qualification may will also be admitted and may earn some exemptions.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A CLINICAL OFFICER?

Aside from the diploma or degree in clinical medicine (also called clinical medical sciences or clinical sciences), alternative qualifications are the diploma in clinical psychiatry (clinical medical sciences-psychiatry) or the BSc in Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health. A holder of the diploma in clinical psychiatry is called a Clinical Officer-Psychiatry (COP) and is simply a clinical officer specialized in psychiatry.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Holders of the diploma can choose to upgrade to a BSc Clinical Medicine or alternatively they may pursue Advanced diplomas for instance in anaesthesia or ophthalmology. A bachelor of science degree holder can work in other roles as a clinical scientist, clinical researcher or lecturer other than just as a clinical officer. This increases the employment opportunities and gives an upper hand in the job market. The advanced diploma enables the holder to specialise in one field and to work as a medical licentiate.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER CLINICAL MEDICINE

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance learning
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka and Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Science
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com/clinical-officer-general-2/

CHRESO UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: Faculty of Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka and Ndola
Contacts
Email: info@chresouniversity.edu.zm
Tel: +260 964 725266
Website: www.chresouniversity.edu.zm/tuition-fee-schedule/

LUAPULA SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND BUSINESS EDUCATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School Health Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Mansa
Contacts
Email: admissions@luapulasoh.com
Tel: +260 953 108572
Website: www.luapulasoh.com/page/school-of-health-sciences

NKANA COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 447390/ 0961 868690/ 0979 830165/ 0979 588189/ 0977 872947
Email: ncase.enquiries@gmail.com
Facebook: Nkana College of Applied Sciences and Education

PREMIUM SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Luanshya
Contacts
Tel: +260 966 661894/ +260 977 307779
Email: premiumschoolofhealthsciences@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +260 974 374862/ +260 977 307779
Facebook: Premium School of Health Sciences

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 969 899875
Email: vc@gideonrobertuniversity.com
Website: www.gideonrobert.education/programs-2/