Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Economics

ECONOMICS-CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHAT IS ECONOMICS AND WHO IS AN ECONOMIST?
Economics is the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption and transfer of wealth. It is the study of how scarce resources are allocated to fulfill the infinite wants of consumers.
An Economist is someone who studies the production and distribution of resources, goods, and services. Economists apply economic analysis to issues within a variety of fields, such as education, health, development, and the environment. Some economists study the cost of products, healthcare, or energy. Others examine employment levels, business cycles, or exchange rates. Others analyze the effect of taxes, inflation, or interest rates.

WHERE DO ECONOMISTS WORK?

Being an economist offers opportunities to work with all types of data and a wide variety of companies. As an economist, you may choose to work in a variety of businesses, Banks and industries, including academia. In the government ministries, economists work as planners, but they are mostly recognized as Economists at Ministry of Finance, Commerce and Trade Industries, National Development Planning. They also work for Bank of Zambia (BOZ), Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) and Energy Regulation Board (ERB). They also work as economists for corporate institutions like Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Investment Holding (ZCCM-IH) and industrial Development Corporation Zambia Limited (IDC) as well as non-governmental organisations like the United Nations, World Vision etc.

At the ministry of finance they carry titles such as Economist, budget analyst and principal economist as well as senior economist as the last rank before they start taking positions of managers and senior managers. The same applies at the Ministry of Commerce and Bank of Zambia. At IDC they have titles like Junior Analyst or Senior Analyst. At ZRA they are called Economists, Tax inspectors/ Revenue Inspectors.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?
Economists that work at the Bank of Zambia collect and analyze data about the Zambian economy, including employment, prices, productivity and wages, among other types of data. They also project spending needs and inform policy makers on the economic impact of laws and regulations.
In a commercial bank the Economists are mostly a part of the markets and investment research teams. Financial markets are largely data driven and economic data of any country has a substantial impact on a country’s currency as well as other markets (bond markets, stock market). One of the key roles of the economist in a bank is to analyze all the economic data published from time to time and provide inputs to traders, investors, sales team and others) on the impact the economic data will have on the markets
Economists working for corporations help managers and decision makers understand how the economy will affect their business. Specifically, economists may analyze issues such as consumer demand and sales to help a company maximize its profits.
Economists also work for international organizations, research firms, and think tanks, where they study and analyze a variety of economic issues such as forecasts.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF AN ECONOMIST?
The work schedule of an economist is influenced by many factors, but most economists work independently in an office on full-time. In addition to working full time at a business or ministry some economists do consult part-time.
For the Economists in banks their work require overtime hours. Banks open at 8am and close at 4pm only for customers, but there is too much work to do behind closed doors that make them knock off at 8pm.
At government ministries, corporations and other companies, economists work full time during regular business hours normal hours from 8am to 5pm.
For economists that work for consultancy firms and NGOs as Survey Researchers and Market Research Analysts occasionally work overtime to meet deadlines.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?
The biggest employing sector for economists is the Government because every ministry needs economists as Economists, investment officers, budget analysts as well as planners.
The financial sector such as the Back of Zambia, Commercial banks as well as non-financial sectors like insurance companies are the second largest employers of economists in Zambia.
The corporation and Non-governmental organisations are another employer of economists.
In general, job opportunities for Economists are plenty and good. But Job prospects are only best for those with a master’s degree or Ph.D. because they poses strong analytical skills, and experience using statistical analysis software.
Most economists need a master’s degree or Ph.D. However, some entry-level jobs primarily in government are available for workers with a bachelor’s degree.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?
To enjoy being an Economist, you need to be a person who enjoys mathematics and statistics based subjects. In your first year you will learn these and you need to pass them. After graduation, to enjoy work, you need to be a person who loves research science because economists Research economic issues and analyse data using mathematical models, statistical techniques and present research results in reports, tables, and charts. All that needs some good analytical skills and an interest in learning how to use Microsoft office and statistical packages. You learn about them on the job as well as in school in the final year.

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Economics

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?
At UNZA, first year students are not admitted directly into economics. They are admitted into school of humanities under the non-quota programme. Here, those who wish to pursue Economics are required to register for courses such as microeconomics, macroeconomics and mathematics for social sciences, which are prerequisites for admission to Economics at their second year of study. Other courses that will be covered include development studies, demography and public administration. At other institutions, Economics is a direct-entry programme.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?
Entry depends on the levels of competition in the University. Typically, they look for 10 points or better in 5 subjects which should include Mathematics, English and any three social Science subjects.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE AN ECONOMIST?
Actuarial scientists, Mathematicians and Statisticians can also work as economists because they can do quantitative research analysis.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?
Once you study Economics, you may decide to pursue a master’s degree in Economics (master of art with economics), Economics with Finance, Masters of Business Administration, Marketing etc. A master’s degree or Ph.D. is required for most economist jobs. Positions in business, research, or international organizations often require a combination of graduate education and work experience. Some students with a different bachelor’s degree can pursue an advanced degree in economics, but a strong background in mathematics is essential. A Ph.D. in economics may require several years of study after earning a bachelor’s degree, including completion of detailed research in a specialty field. An advanced degree is sometimes required for advancement to higher level positions and one with a master’s degree can become a lecturer at the university.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER ECONOMICS

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Science in Economics)
Mode: Full time only
Admitting school: School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts:
Tel:+260-212-290959 / 290969 Email: dean.shss@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics)
Mode: Full time only
Admitting school: School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +26 021 129 3348
Email: dean-hss@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/schools/humanities/departments/economics

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Economics)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Business and Information Technology
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Email: cavendish@cavendish.co.zm
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Bachelor of Science in Economics and Finance)
Mode: Full time, Part time and Long distance learning
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 976 075850 or 0953 688533 or +26 0211 258505
Email: academic@unilus.ac.zm or info@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/fees.php

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Economics)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Social Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kabwe
Contacts:
Tel: +260 215 228 004
Email: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

ZAMBIA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics)
Mode: Full time, Part time and Open distance learning
Admitting school: School of Business Management and Finance
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kalulushi
Contacts:
Tel: + 260 974 305033 or +260 212 730209
Email: registrar@zcuniversity.edu.zm or regoffice@zcuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.zcuniversity.edu.zm/financeandfees.html

KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: January
Location: Kabwe
Contacts:
Tel: +260 963 628450
Email: registrar@nkrumah.edu.zm
Website: www.nkrumah.edu.zm

CHRESO UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics) plus a minimum of 22 weeks for distance learning
Mode: Full time and Distance learning
Admitting school: School of Social Sciences
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 211 355 590 or +260 964725266
Email: info@chresouniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.chresouniversity.edu.zm

LIVINGSTONE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TOURISM, EXCELLENCE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Business and Economics
Intakes: January, June and September
Location: Livingstone
Contacts:
Tel: (+260) 977 766 866
Email: support@liutebmuniversity.org
Website: www.liutebmuniversity.org

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Duration: 4 years (Bachelor of Arts in Economics)
Mode: Full time, Part-time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 211 228802-4
Email: registrar@nipa.ac.zm
Website: www.nipa.ac.zm

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Purchasing and Supply

PURCHASING AND SUPPLY-CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHAT IS PURCHISING AND SUPPLY AND WHO IS A PURCHASING AND SUPPLY OFFICER?

Purchasing and supply is a field of study that involves the procurement, storage, and monitoring of goods sold in a retail store, machinery, supplies, or other raw goods.

A person who studied Purchasing and Supply at certificate, diploma or degree level is sometimes called a procurement officer. Procurement officers oversee the activities of the department responsible for purchases.

WHERE DO PURCHASING AND SUPPLY OFFICERS WORK?

Procurement officers can work for any business cooperation like ZESCO LIMITED, RTSA and National Prosecution Authority (NPA). Government departments as well as  non-governmental organisations can employ procurement officers to involve them  in negotiating with manufacturers/suppliers or wholesalers in the process of buying goods or materials, as well as in working closely with cost analysts and marketing professionals in deciding which products to buy and which ones are not selling well enough.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

For procurement officers who work at National Procurement Authority and other government departments, their day to day job involves undertaking timely storage of goods in order to avoid loss and destruction, maintaining accurately an up-to-date Register of Supplies in order to establish a reliable supplier base. Preparing and undertaking effectively the provision of secretarial services to the companies Tender Committees in order to facilitate decision making. Preparing timely and accurately bidding documents in order to facilitate decision making. Supervising effectively the procurement of goods, services and works in order to ensure their timely availability.

In other private companies and non-governmental organizations the duties include; Developing and implementing systems and processes that ensure full and complete documentation of receipt and distribution of procured goods, maintaining correspondence and constant contact with suppliers to follow up on the execution of contractual terms and conditions as well as handle issues if needed. Monitoring and reporting on supplier performance, noting current and potential issues or inefficiencies and assist with contract/purchase order modifications. Accountable for transparency within the procurement department through ensuring a complete, accurate and up-to-date document trail of all procurement processes, vendor files, procurement and inventory database to assist with control and accountability and Liaising with counterparts at partner organizations to ensure effective and efficient collaboration on all matters related to procurement, including when space and resources are shared among other duties. The procurement officers or purchasing and supply officers perform the same kind of tasks wherever they work, be it in public or private offices.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A PURCHASING AND SUPPLY OFFICER?

The work schedule or shifts of a procurement officer/purchasing and supply officer depends on the organisation one is working for. If one is working for a government department, they typically follow the normal 08hrs to 17hrs work schedule Monday to Friday. If one is working for a private company some mines they work 08hrs to 17hrs while others have some procurement officers who have to work in the night shifts to monitor the procurement process to ensure transparency in the products being delivered in the night.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

In the case of Zambia, the biggest employing sector of purchasing and supply officers is the public sector followed by the private sector. A procurement officer can find a job in any sector be it in mining, agriculture, manufacturing etc. All forms of companies continue to look for procurement officers. The chances are higher that one will find a job just upon graduating.

The job market for purchasing and supply officers/ procurement officers in Zambia is very stable. In everyday job adverts there is a company looking for a procurement officer and as more business entities keep on opening in Zambia the more the demand for procurement officers increases.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy being a procurement officer, you need to be a person who is able to demonstrate the ability to achieve goals and meet deadlines in a fast-paced environment, good writing skills and you should have emotional maturity, patience and the ability to remain calm in stressful situations. You also need to have good analytical skills with ability to make independent judgment and decisions as well as being proactive, results-oriented and able to find ways of solving or pre-empting problems. In this way you can enjoy being a procurement officer.

At Evelyn Hone College, this course is offered by Zambia Institute of Purchasing and Supply(ZIPS). Candidates are examined and offered certificates by ZIPS

At Lusaka Business Technical College this course is offered by Zambia institute of purchasing and supply. Candidates are examined and offered certificates by ZIPS.

After graduation you need to get a certificate of operation issued by the Zambia Institute of Purchasing and Supply as a registered member.

Scroll to the bottom for a list of Institutions that offer Purchasing and Supply

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

When one enrols into university to study purchasing and supply, they will learn subjects like Business needs in procurement and supply, sourcing in procurement and supply, Negotiating and Contracting in procurement and supply, Managing contracts and relationships in procurement and supply, Procurement & Supply Principles, Inventory & Logistics Operations as examples of subjects to be covered among others.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

At all these institutions offering the program they look for five O’ Level credits or better including English and Mathematics.

In case of enrolling for a diploma at Lusaka Trades they want Five O Level credits or better including English and Mathematics and a Certificate in ZIPS. The entry conditions ,ay vary from year to year and institution to institution.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A PURCHASING AND SUPPLY OFFICER?

To work as a procurement officer, a qualification in Business Administration, Marketing and Accounting are all considered as alternative qualifications.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

This program is available at certificate, diploma and degree level. Once you study purchasing and supply, depending on the level of qualification you obtained at first, you may decide to upgrade to a diploma, degree and you can pursue a master’s degree in Business Administration or Marketing. A master’s degree gives you an upper hand when it comes to finding new jobs in competitive environments in Zambia. It’s a sign that apart from general skills, you have taken keen interest to master one area of your job more than other people. With a master’s degree one would become a lecturer at a university.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER PURCHASING AND SUPPLY

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Evening and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: deansb@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

ZAMBIA CENTRE OF ACCOUNTANCY STUDIES UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: August
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 232093 / +260 211 222542
Email: information@zcas.edu.zm
Website: www.zcas.ac.zm/zcas-university/fees

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full-Time
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: September
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 228004
Email: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 4 Years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business and Information Technology
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business and Management
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 972 832671 / +260 976 075850
E-mail: registraracademic@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/fees.php

KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Business Studies
Intakes: September for Full-Time, and April for Distance Learning
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 975 900402/+260 953 909029
Email: registrar@nkrumah.edu.zm
Website: www.nkrumah.edu.zm

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma) / 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time, and Distance Learning
Admitting school:
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 228803
Email: registrar@nipa.ac.zm
Website: www.nipa.ac.zm

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time, and Distance Learning
Admitting school: School of Law and Business Studies
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 843535/+260 977 794995
Email: edenuniversity@edenuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm

THE ZAMBIA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-Time, Part-Time and Distance Learning
Admitting school: Faculty of Business Management and Finance
Intakes: January and July for Full-Time and Part-Time, and April, August and December for Distance Learning
Location: Kalulushi
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 730209/+260 974 305033
Email: registrar@zcuniversity.edu.zm
Website: www.zcuniversity.edu.zm/financeandfees.html

LIVINGSTONE INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND ENGINEERING STUDIES
Programme duration: 3 years diploma
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of business
Intakes: January
Location: Livingstone
Contacts
Tel: +26 0977576286 or +26 0960949041
E-mail: libes@libescollege.edu.zm
Website: www.libescollege.edu.zm/

Scroll to the bottom to find a list of institutions that offer Medicine.

WHAT IS MEDICINE AND WHO IS A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

Medicine, in the simplest of terms, is the science of health and healing. It encompasses the diagnosis, prognosis (predicting likely outcome of a disease), treatment, and prevention of disease. A medical doctor is a trained professional who practices medicine.

WHERE DO MEDICAL DOCTORS WORK?

A medical doctor can work as a clinician in government hospitals, mission hospitals, mine hospitals and private hospitals. Clinical practice involves working directly with patients in a hospital or health care setting.

A medical doctor could also work with non-governmental organisations that support health and wellness such as CARE international and Vision Aid.

A medical doctor could also go into biomedical research and work with institutions such as the tropical diseases research centre (TDRC), which researches ways to prevent and treat diseases. These are some examples, a medical doctor can work in any field where his/her services are needed.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

For medical doctors working as clinicians or general practitioners, day to day activities involve reviewing in-patients who have been admitted to the wards, monitoring their progress and guiding on treatment. Doctors will also attend to out-patients reporting to the clinic and assess them with the aim to diagnose, prognose, treat and prevent disease. They make use of basic diagnostic medical devices such as stethoscopes and thermometers but may also order further medical tests such as blood tests and x-rays to guide them on the best course of treatment. Depending on the setting, they may also be required to perform low complexity surgical procedures where surgeons are absent, or refer patients with serious disease for specialized care.

For medical doctors working in biomedical research, they conduct careful experimentation, laboratory work, observation, and analysis of biological processes and the causes of disease. It may be basic, aimed at increasing fundamental scientific knowledge, or it may be applied, directed at making new discoveries such as the search for a vaccine for COVID-19.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

The work schedule of a clinician is the busiest and is influenced by many factors including the facility where one works, the number of patients attending such a facility, the position held (i.e., resident, registrar, consultant), etc. In a typical government hospital, a doctor can expect to be on-call once or twice a week, during which they will work a full 24-hour shift. On other days, work hours may run from 07:00 hours to 18:00 hours or earlier depending on the number of cases that need to be attended to. Because some health conditions are emergencies and life threatening, doctors can be called in to work at any time of the day on any day of the week.

Working in biomedical research or with NGOs may follow the normal 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours work schedule Monday to Friday.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

After graduation from medical school and obtaining a provisional license from the health professionals council of Zambia (HPCZ), a graduate must undergo a mandatory period of internship working under the supervision of a team of qualified doctors, before obtaining full registration as a licensed medical practitioner. Zambian government policy is that internship be only offered at government hospitals and a select few mission hospitals. As such, government is the major employer of new medical school graduates as junior resident medical officers (interns). When fully registered and licensed as a senior resident medical officer (SRMO), a medical doctor may also work elsewhere. This may be in mine hospitals, mission hospitals, and the private sector. These will typically only employ fully licensed medical practitioners (i.e., SRMO, registrars, specialists).

Because a graduate cannot work elsewhere without first going through internship and later obtaining a license, and because only the government hospitals offer such internship, the government has largest influence on the job market for medical doctors in Zambia.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Medicine both as a program of study and a career is very demanding. The program assumes that a student has a good background in science. It is therefore important for someone to have a love and aptitude for science-based subjects especially biology, chemistry and physics. A student must also be inquisitive (ask questions). Part of being a doctor involves deductive reasoning (gathering all the facts, evaluating them and making conclusions) which is why questions are important. To enjoy work, you need to have compassion and patience. You also need to be outgoing or at least be ready to be outgoing because medicine involves working with people.

Scroll to the bottom to find a list of institutions that offer Medicine.

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Upon entry into university, students will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in the first 1 or 2 years. The next 2 years focus on Basic Science courses which include Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and others. The last 3 years are concerned with the practical training of being a medical doctor and focus on the Clinical Sciences (Internal Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and Paediatrics)

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Admission to medical schools is very competitive but also dependent on the level of competition in the University of choice. Typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 10 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A MEDICAL DOCTOR?

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) are the first professional degrees awarded upon graduation from medical schools in most commonwealth countries (including Zambia). In the United States and countries following their system, an equivalent medical degree is awarded as Doctor of Medicine (MD).

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

After graduation from medical school, one may enroll for postgraduate master’s programmes such as the Master of Medicine (MMed) which is awarded by both surgical and medical subspecialties (Urology, General Surgery, Orthopedics, Opthalmology, etc). Alternatively, medical graduates are eligible to sit for examinations for membership and fellowship of professional institutions such as the Royal College of Surgeons, Royal College of Physicians, College of Surgeons (east, central and southern Africa), among others. A fellowship and/or an MMed are required for registration as a specialist especially in foreign countries. In Zambia, the Ministry of Health carries out training of specialists under the Specialist Training Program (STP), though the qualification attained is only recognised in Zambia.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER MEDICINE

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years + 2 years of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-medicine-and-surgery

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Pre medicine (degree)
Mode: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Science, Engineering and Technology
Intakes: September only
Location: Kabwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 215 228004
E-mail: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 2 years medical foundation programme (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260 211 387601
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Pre medicine (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 972 832671 / +260 976 075850
E-mail: registraracademic@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/Fees.php

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 2 years Premedical Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EDEN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 11⁄2 years Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: edenuniversty@edenuniversity.net
Tel: +260 978 800898 / +260 977 794995
Website: www.edenuniversity.edu.zm/course-fee-structure.html

TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1-year Foundation program (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Medicine
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 971 269480 / 81
Website: www.zm.tauedu.org

CHATTERED ACCOUNTANT (CA) ZAMBIA – CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHAT IS CA ZAMBIA AND WHO IS A CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT?

CA Zambia is a premier professional accountancy qualification basically meant to enhance recognition and status of accountancy graduates both locally in Zambia and globally.

On the other hand, a Chartered Accountant (CA Zambia) graduate is a highly skilled and competent accountant who has completed both the professional examinations and compulsory three (3)-year practical training programme. It is a mandate for all the graduates of CA Zambia to undergo practical training programme for a period of 3 years.

WHAT DO ACCOUNTANTS DO?

The primary task of an accountant is to prepare and examine financial records. To make sure that records are accurate and that taxes are paid properly and on time.

Accountants and auditors* perform overviews of the financial operations of a business in order to help it run efficiently. They also provide the same services to individuals, helping them create plans of action for improved financial well-being.

* An auditor is a person authorized to review and verify the accuracy of financial records and ensure that companies and/or businesses comply with tax laws and accounting policies and regulations.

WHERE DO ACCOUNTANTS WORK AND WHAT DO THEY DO?

Many are the times when people think that accountants are people who only work in banks and count money. However, the fact of the matter is that there are a number of accounting careers that an accountant can pursue depending on the nature of the business and the industry as indicated below.

Accounting Career type	Duties
Public Accountants (e.g external auditors such as KPMG, GRANT THORNTON, PWC, EY etc)	Their clients include corporations, governments and individuals. They fulfil a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax and consulting duties.
Management Accountants	Also called cost, managerial, corporate or private accountants. They record and analyse the financial information of the clients they work for, and provide it for internal use by managers, usually not for public use unless at the discretion of management.
Government Accountants (e.g Office of the Auditor General)	They maintain and examine records of government agencies, audit private businesses and individuals whose activities are subject to government regulations or taxations.
Internal Auditors	These are accountants who work within the organisation to check for risk management of an organization or businesses’ funds. They then identify ways to improve the process for finding and eliminating waste and fraud.

CAN ONE CHANGE FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER AND HOW OFTEN?

Yes. This is called career advancement. Advancements in the field of accounting can take many forms. Entry level public accountants (accountants holding first level accounting certificates) will see their responsibilities increase with each year of practice, and can move to senior positions within a few years.

Those who excel may become supervisors, managers or Audit partners*. They may also open their own public accounting firms, or transfer to management and internal positions in private firms.

Management accountants often start as cost accountants, or junior internal auditors. They can advance to accounting manager, chief cost accountant, budget director or manager of internal auditing. Some become controllers, treasurers, financial vice presidents, chief financial officers (CFOs) or corporation presidents.

The four main types of accountants enjoy a degree of cross-over potential that is unique in business. Therefore, they can transition from one type to another throughout their careers.

*An audit partner is a Certified/Chartered accountant and full equity partner in a professional accounting firm. … Each partner earns a share of the profits, usually in proportion to his/her ownership percentage. The audit partner signs and approves the firm’s audit report and financial statements for the clients s/he manages

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF AN ACCOUNTANT?

The work schedule or shifts of an accountant depend on the organisation one is working for. If one is working for a government department, they typically follow the normal 08hrs to 17hrs work schedule Monday to Friday. If one is working for a private company which normally have different working hours, some work 08hrs to 17hrs while others have their own work schedules which may extend further than the eight-to-seventeen hours. An accountant who works as an auditor in a private organisation may work from eight till late and normally have frequent travels around the cities and the world as the case may be in fulfilling his/her duties. This is so because the majority of the works done by these accountants are conducted at the client’s premises.

WHAT DOES THE ACCOUNTANT’S JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

The job market for an accountant lies in four areas and the chances of finding a job is explained in order of highest probability as follows. A newly qualified accountant can easily find a job in an audit firm. Practically, these organizations tend to have high levels of employment turnover every now and then, not because they lay people off, NOPE, but simply because most people usually get to be pouched/offered other jobs from other companies due to the fact that these staffs work around in different organisation in carrying out their duties. Some companies are just private companies that are in different industries such as commercial, retail and trade, manufacturing, Insurance, Banking, Farming, Telecommunications to mention but a few including government institutions. Basically, almost every organisation requires an accountant and that makes it easy for an accountant to find himself/herself a job on the market. Non-governmental organisations are also other employers on list that an accountant can get a job with and pursue his/her dreams.

The job market in the Accountancy industry is sort of a balanced market as every now-and-then, individuals and companies look for better ways of managing their finances and fair taxes payable to the government ensuring that they do not incur penalties and/or found wanting thereby the need for accountants on board to manage these tasks.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE AN ACCOUNTANT?

To work as an accountant, there are many accountancy programs being offered by a variety of institutions in Zambia such as CA Zambia (CA), Bachelors Degree in Finance, Banking and Finance, Public Sector Financial Management (PSFM), Taxation etc) and globally (e.g ACCA, CIMA, CISA, CPA etc) however, in Zambia these programmes have their branch offices but are also regulated by the Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants (ZICA). For more information with regard to types of accountancy programs in Zambia visit the link below; https://www.google.com/search?q=accounting+courses+in+zambia&oq=accounting+courses&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l7.7660j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

WHERE CAN I STUDY ACCOUNTANCY AND FOR HOW LONG, TO EARN WHAT QUALIFICATION?

In Zambia there are a number of Universities, Colleges and Private Tutors offering accountancy programs. To find out more about the institutions offering accountancy programs in Zambia, visit the link below; www.zambianlearner.com

WHAT MODES OF STUDY ARE AVAILABLE?

Accountancy programs are the easiest to pursue given that they can be pursued as full-time (attending full-time classes with a registered institution), part-time (attending classes only either in the evenings after work or on weekends) and even on self-study basis (buying study materials and studying freely at home). All that you need is to visit the institution offering the programs such as ZICA, CBU, UOA, Cavendish University, Lusaka University, etc get registered and buy appropriate materials, study the course then later on pay for the exams and write.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

As most accountancy-based programs, its competitive and entry depends on the levels of competition in the institution offering the program. Typically, they look for twelve (12) points in six subjects and below which should include a credit or better in Mathematics and English with four other subjects.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy being an accountant, you need to be a person who loves statistical/mathematical based subjects. In your first year you will learn these and you need to pass them. After graduation, to enjoy work, you need to be a person who loves to be up to-date with the current environmental changes including technological advancements as well as thinking outside the box in figuring out impacts and solutions that these may have on businesses. All that needs what is referred to as a Continued Professional Development (CPD) zeal embedded in you. In a lay-man’s language, this is basically having a mindset that is willing to keep learning new things and finding efficient ways of doing it to achieve success.

ARE THERE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Yes, there are. Once you study accountancy, you may decide to pursue a Master of Science in Accounting, Masters in Finance, Master’s Degree in Audit of accounts and superior accounting, Master of Science in Forensic Accounting, Master of Science in Metals and Energy Finance, to mention but a few. A master’s degree gives you an upper hand when it comes to finding new jobs in competitive market environments especially abroad. It’s a sign that apart from general skills, you have taken keen interest to master one area of your job more than other people. With a master’s degree one would become a university lecturer as well.

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Law

LAW-CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHO IS A LAWYER/ ADVOCATE?

A Lawyer is a person who studied law at a university and has obtained a Bachelor’s of Law degree. Studying law in Zambia entails getting a general understanding of the legal framework in Zambia. It entails learning how laws are made, interpreted and applied in our day to day lives.

In Zambia, one is deemed to be a practicing lawyer or can be termed to be an Advocate when they have successfully completed the Legal Practitioner’s Qualification Exam at the Zambia Institute of Advanced Legal Education (ZIALE). The exam essentially introduces a lawyer to the practical aspects of legal application. When this course is successfully completed, a lawyer should be able to adequately analyse a legal problem, understand how and be able to practically commence a legal suit, defend a suit in court by acquiring various litigation skills and properly conduct themselves in the profession.

WHERE DO LAWYERS/ADVOCATES (LEGAL PRACTITIONERS) WORK?

1. a) Lawyers

In the Zambian context, a lawyer (indvidual with a Bachelor of Laws -Degree) can work in multifaceted industries due to the fact that the law is applicable to almost all sectors of our economy. A lawyer can work as a Legal Assistant in law firms and corporate entities. A Lawyer can also work as a Lecturer, once they obtain a Master of Laws degree and Teaching Methodology certification as per Higher Education Authority requirement. Additionally, a Lawyer can work as a Human Resource Officer, when they combine they Bachelor of Laws Degree with some Human Resource certification or training. As can be seen from the career options outlined above, Lawyers can work in various industries, but are limited in that they cannot go before the Court and represent anyone as a lawyer requires a Legal Practitioner’s Certification issued from ZIALE upon successful completion of the Legal Practitioners Qualifying Examinations.

1. b) Advocates/Legal Practitioner

Similar to Lawyers, Legal Practitioners as professionals can work in almost any industry. Their role in a law firm, corporate entity (Company) is to offer legal advice and represent their clients in Courts of Law. Legal Practitioners in companies are often times employed as Company Secretaries or In-House Counsel. Legal Practitioners are also employed in the civil service, such as Judges, Magistrates, Research Advocates, State Advocates at National Prosecution Authority (Represent the state in criminal matters), Attorney General’s Chambers (Represent the state in civil matters), National Legal Aid Clinic for Women, to mention but a few.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK

1. a) A Lawyer

Someone who is employed as a Legal Assistant at a firm or corporate entity does a variety of tasks. One of them is to conduct legal research and draft legal opinions that will be used by the partner at a law firm or a Practicing lawyer at a company to offer legal advice to the client. Another task is that of keeping a status report on all the firms/corporate entities cases. A Legal Assistant’s role can also involve filing legal documents at Court and conducting searches at the Court’s registry and various state institutions such as PACRA and the Ministry of Lands.

1. b) Legal Practitioner

A Legal Practitioner employed at a law firm or corporate entity carries out various tasks. One of them is to conduct legal analysis of various cases, carry out legal research and prepare legal opinions for the client. This entails reading various cases, laws and statutory instruments. A Legal Practitioner initiates legal process on behalf of a client and represents the client at court during trial. This entails typing out the documents and ensuring they are in compliance with the prescribed standard, which if not, may not be considered by the courts. The practitioner’s role is to ensure he/she is well read and prepared to conduct a client’s case in order to give the client a good chance of succeeding.  The above tasks are applicable even to Legal Practitioners in the civil service, but may vary slightly depending on the institution one is working for.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A LAWYER/ LEGAL PRACTITIONER?

Typically, a Lawyer/Legal Practitioner’s work schedule runs from Monday to Friday from 08:00am to 17:00pm. However, depending on the institution one is working for, the work schedule may vary. Most law firms opt to work half day on Friday, but most companies maintain the aforesaid schedule throughout the week. More often than not, a legal practitioner may work for longer hours depending on the number of cases they are handling and the urgency which they demand.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To enjoy being a Lawyer or Legal Practitioner, one needs to be a person that is passionate about justice and enjoys reading and learning new things. It requires one to have basic analytical skills, good inter personal relations and good oral skills in order to adequately serve a client.

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Law

WHAT COURSES WILL THE PROGRAMME COVER?

When one enrols into a university to study law, they will cover various areas of law such as introduction to law, criminal law, constitutional law, corporate law to name but a few. It’s worth mentioning that in Zambia, the various laws are taught as courses and one cannot specialise at undergraduate level but can do so at Master of Laws Level. This in the author’s view is in order to ensure that at the end of the program a lawyer can handle variety of cases, as some cases border on various areas of the law. The courses include Introduction to Law, Legal Writing, Criminal Law, Company law, Constitutional law, the law of Evidence amongst others.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

Most universities will set their own criteria for enrolment. But on average, at Grade 12, one must have at least 5 credits or better in 5 subjects that should include English and Mathematics.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

Once you study law, you may decide to pursue a Master of Laws programme where one can specialise in a specific field of law such as Criminal Law, Family Law, Constitutional Law to name but a few. As noted above, in Zambia, one can only specialise in a field of Law at Master’s Level.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER LAW

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time and distance learning
Admitting school: School of Humanities
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: + 26 021 125 0733
Fax: +26 021 125 0733
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-laws

MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kabwe
Contacts:
Tel: +260 215 228 004
Email: academic@mu.ac.zm
Website: www.mu.ac.zm

UNIVERSITY OF LUSAKA
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time, Part time and Long distance learning
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 976 075850 or 0953 688533 or +260 211 258505
Email: academic@unilus.ac.zm or info@unilus.ac.zm
Website: www.unilus.ac.zm/fees.php

CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Duration: 4 year (degree)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January and June
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 211 387600 / +260972102386
Email: jchikonde@cavendish.co.zm
Website: www.cavendishza.org/admissions/fee-structure

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Duration: 4 years (degree) and 3 years (diploma)
Mode: Full time, part-time and Distance Education
Admitting school: Legal Studies Department
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 211 228802-4
Email: registrar@nipa.ac.zm
Website: www.nipa.ac.zm

LIVINGSTONE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TOURISM, EXCELLENCE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January, June and September
Location: Livingstone
Contacts:
Tel: (+260) 977 766 866
Email: support@liutebmuniversity.org
Website: www.liutebmuniversity.org

PAMODZI UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (degree) and 3 years (Diploma)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: 0976 726864

ZAMBIA OPEN UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 211 427 600 or 211 845 469 or 0969 672 965 or 0976 123 055
Email: admissions@zaou.ac.zm
Website: www.zaou.ac.zm

COPPERSTONE UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (degree) and 3 years (Diploma)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January
Location: Kitwe
Contacts:
Tel: +26 0962 394621/ 0965 571607
Website: www.copperstone.education

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Duration: 4 years (degree)
Mode: Full time
Admitting school: School of Law
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts:
Tel: +260 969 899875
Email: vc@gideonrobertuniversity.com
Website: www.gideonrobert.education

Scroll to the bottom for a list of Institutions that offer Physiotherapy

PHYSIOTHERAPY-CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHAT IS PHYSIOTHERAPY AND WHO IS A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

Physiotherapy is one of the many programs under the allied health sciences; it is a science based profession that is specifically concerned about the wellbeing and the health of a patient. Physiotherapy is primarily concerned with the treatment to restore, maintain and make the most of a patient’s mobility(musculoskeletal), function, and well-being by way of physical rehabilitation, injury prevention, and health and fitness.  Physiotherapy is used to improve a patient’s physical functions through physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis, physical intervention as well as patient education.

A physiotherapist is simply a person that has studied or specialized in physiotherapy, he/she helps people of different ages that may be affected by injury, illness or disability through movement and exercise, manual therapy, education and advice.

Physiotherapists further have in-depth knowledge of how the body works and specialized hands-on clinical skills to assess, diagnose, and treat symptoms of illness, injury and disability.

It is very important to note that physiotherapy may be referred by other institutions to as physical therapy and physiotherapists as physical therapists but they are simply two sides of the same coin.

WHERE DO PHYSIOTHERAPISTS WORK?

Physiotherapists, like many other health professionals, work in clinics/hospitals under the physiotherapy department. The services of a physiotherapist are interestingly not only required in hospitals but in so many fields as compared to what one may imagine.  In Zambia  a physiotherapist is required in places including schools, professional sports clubs, gyms, hotels and rehabilitation centers just to mention but a few. In Zambia, however, most physiotherapists work in private and public clinics/hospitals as well as in sport clubs.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

Despite physiotherapists having to work in various institutions and setups, their tasks are arguably the same and that is assessing, diagnosing, and treating symptoms of illness, injury and disability. Other tasks may include:

• Encouraging exercise and movement
• Advising patients on leading a healthy lifestyle
• Keeping reports on patients and their progress
• Staying up to date with developments in treatments
• Administering manual treatments such as massage therapy or pressure point therapy

• Dealing with neck and back pain caused by problems in the muscles and skeleton
• Dealing with problems in the bones, joints, muscles and ligaments, such as arthritis and the after-effects of amputation
• Dealing with pelvic issues, such as bladder and bowel problems related to childbirth
• Dealing with loss of mobility because of trauma to the brain or spine, or due to diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

The schedule of work for physiotherapists is different in various institutions depending on the terms of contracts. In Zambia, most of the physiotherapists under public clinics/hospitals work from Monday to Friday from 08hrs to 17hrs. This however is not the case for those under sports club who may only be needed on some days of a week depending on the club’s schedule.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Physiotherapy is one of the health professions in Zambia with a broad job market. Of course the government is the major employer of physiotherapists in Zambia. However, physiotherapy is also marketable in the private sector including private hospitals, hotels, recreation facilities, as well as some health related Non-Governmental Organisations such as CHAZ.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

To start with, a physiotherapist must at least be a lover of science as that is where it all starts with particular interest in anatomy and physiology. More importantly, physiotherapy has more to do with one’s heart than it does with one’s general intelligence; it asks for patience, initiative, empathy and above all sensitivity. A physiotherapist must be in possession of excellent communication skills as well as able to work under pressure and manage time effectively.

A physiotherapist must as well be social and corporative, compassionate and supportive, resilient and confident and also Fit and health-conscious.

Scroll to the bottom for a list of Institutions that offer Physiotherapy

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

Again, the courses or course combinations may differ in various academic institutions; for a diploma at Evelyn Hone College, in the first year, one is required to take Exercise therapy, anatomy, electrotherapy, mathematics, first aid, pathology, communication skills, human physiology and computer studies. While at the University of Zambia, for a bachelor’s degree, one is required to take A levels of mathematics and other sciences before majoring into physiotherapy specific courses in the second year.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The general entry requirement for health sciences in Zambia is basically a six or better in five subjects including mathematics and English (in this case including the sciences too).  This is however subjected to competition and thus bringing in the issue of cut off points. At the University of Zambia, the cut off point for a degree varies between 6 to 12 points (the gender of an applicant may also play a huge role here as females are relatively subjected to a lower cut off point). At Evelyn Hone College for a diploma, it varies between 6 to 18 points. Note that the cut-off point may be different at different institutions in the same academic year and from year to year.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A PHYSIOTHERAPIST?

To work as a physiotherapist, one has to study for a degree or diploma in physiotherapy.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

It has been observed that the lowest qualification that one can attain in the field of physiotherapy is a diploma, but talking of the highest, let’s just say; ‘only the sky is the limit.’ One can attain a master’s degree or a PhD. As articulated in this summary, the advancement in the qualifications will broaden the opportunities and let alone the income. Because with higher qualifications, one can be employed to handle more complicated responsibilities which results in better rewards.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER PHYSIOTHERAPY

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-physiotherapy

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time
Admitting school: School of Health Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

LUSAKA APEX MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: Faculty of Pre-Medical Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Email: happy.mtonga@lamu.edu.zm
Tel: +260 979 927901 / +260 974 137203
Website: www.lamu.edu.zm/academic-fees

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: kalabacullen@rocketmail.com
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING – CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY

WHAT IS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND WHO IS A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

Chemical Engineering is a science and an art dealing with the relationship of physical and chemical changes. The chemical engineer understands how and why a given process works. He / She is able to design, set up and operate equipment to carry out the process. In general, a chemical engineer must be able to apply a scientific understanding in an integrated manner to solve real problems. A chemical engineer is a creative person who requires fundamental working tools such as physical and chemical concepts, logical mind and an aptitude for the practical application of mathematics. The use of these tools permits the various principles to be achieved.

WHERE DO CHEMICAL ENGINEERS WORK?

Many graduates work in different and exciting workplaces – not only in the expected settings of the mining and petrochemical industries, but also in a wide variety of process-based disciplines, such as the food, beverage, paint, cement, lime, disposal of waste and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical engineers work in manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, design and construction, pulp and paper, food processing, specialty chemicals, microelectronics, electronic and advanced materials, polymers, business services, biotechnology, and environmental health and safety industries, among others.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

On a typical day at work, Chemical Engineers conduct research on the job to develop new and improved chemical manufacturing processes. Not only that, they also develop safety procedures to be employed by workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to ongoing chemical reactions. Chemical engineers also perform laboratory studies of steps in manufacturing of new products and test proposed processes in small scale operation, such as pilot plant. Although specific duties may vary, many of them design measurement and control systems for chemical plants based on data collected in laboratory experiments and in pilot plant operations and implement those measurement and control system at the industrial plant scale.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

Chemical Engineers work for at least 8 hours on a normal work day. In a typical work week, they are expected to work more than 40 hours per week. Depending on the type of industry, some Chemical Engineers are required in shifts such as day shifts and night shifts.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?

Chemical engineering is marketable for the fact that one can work anywhere so long as it’s a manufacturing industry or laboratory based industry. The companies include Nitrogen Chemicals of Zambia, Chilanga Cement, Copper mining and processing companies, analytical laboratories like SGS or Alfred H Knight etc.

SALARY RANGES AND WHAT CONTROLS IT

For a fresh graduate, average gross monthly salary in Zambia is 10700 ZMK. However, with experience and more academic papers attained, the amount increases substantially.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?

Chemical engineering is undeniably challenging, it involves a lot of physics and maths. That been said, it is important for one to possess the following qualities: analytical skills (chemical engineers must be able to figure out why a particular design does not work as planned), ingenuity, creativity, math skills and problem-solving skills to mention a few.

WHERE CAN I STUDY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, FOR HOW LONG, TO EARN WHAT QUALIFICATION?

The program is offered at the Copperbelt University for a period of five years. A bachelor’s degree is earned upon successful completion.

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?

ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING LABS. AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY, ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN, REACTOR ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING LABS. AND DESIGN PROJECT, SEPARATION PROCESSES, PROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN, PROCESS CONTROL, DESIGN PROJECT, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL, PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY to mention a few.

The programme has five elective courses at fifth year of study. The options include; Combustion and Energy Engineering, Extractive Metallurgy, Industrial Waste Management, Polymer Science and Technology and Biotechnology Processes.

WHAT MODE OF STUDY ARE AVAILABLE?

This is a five-year programme available on full time.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?

The particular requirements are five GCE ‘O’ Level credits or better in the Zambian School Certification or its equivalent as follows: A Pass in English Language plus;

Schedule A: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry

Schedule B: Physical Science, Biology and Science

Schedule C: Additional Maths, Metal/Wood Works, Geography and History

The above is the case for CBU, being the only university in the country offering bachelor’s degree in the field of chemical engineering.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A CHEMICAL ENGINEER?

As a case for Zambia, the only program of study that can make someone a Chemical Engineer is a diploma in the same field. He/she is eligible to upgrade to a degree level and subsequently, do advanced studies at one’s personal preference. Some jobs in the mineral processing industry in the Copper mines or Limestone mines for production of cement, a metallurgist can work in the same position as a chemical engineer.

WHAT IS THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?

CBU under The Chemical Engineering Department has an established expertise in the following areas of research interest; Renewable Energy, Petrochemical Engineering, Chemical Technologies and Processing Beneficiation of Minerals and Processing Bio-chemical Processes, Environmental Management, Polymer Science and Technology, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Cement & Lime Production, Nano Technology, Heat and Mass Transfer Systems, Thermodynamic systems, Transport phenomena and Membrane Technology.

Drawing on the problem-solving skills that are central to the discipline, many CEOs of large companies have combined chemical engineering with a business-related qualification, such as an MBA. Many more work in niche consultancies or run their own businesses. There are also endless opportunities in research and development.

Scroll to the bottom to find a list of institutions that offer Biomedical Sciences

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES-CAREER INFORMATION SUMMARY
WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND WHO IS A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?
Biomedical science is a basic research field that focuses on aspects of human health and disease. It is a combination of several analytical sciences that are used in a multidisciplinary fashion to investigate normal life processes, human disease and its progression, and treatment. A biomedical scientist is a qualified and registered practitioner who works in the pathology department of a hospital or clinic. Biomedical scientists conduct scientific and laboratory research to support diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

WHERE DO BIOMEDICAL SCIENTISTS WORK?

Biomedical scientists can work in medical laboratories of both government and private hospitals including privately owned diagnostic laboratories independent of hospitals. Here they apply their knowledge and skills in the science of clinical laboratory diagnosis. They test, analyse and review body fluids and tissue in order to advise medical practitioners.
Biomedical scientists also work in biomedical research institutes which undertake research into the causes and effects of diseases and develop new treatments and therapies for human illnesses, diseases and disabilities. Examples of these in Zambia include the tropical diseases research centre (TDRC), University of Zambia, and NGOs in particular the Centre for infectious disease research in Zambia (CIDRZ). These institutions mainly focus on diseases that pose major health challenges in the country such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. They look into the health problems that communities face and try to devise ways of controlling them.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?

In a medical laboratory, tasks usually involve carrying out tests and analyses of clinical specimens as requested by clinicians to aid them in diagnosis and treatment. There are various tests which are conducted in a medical laboratory on a daily basis but most could be classified into the following; haematology (e.g., full blood count), serology (e.g., HIV tests), microbiology (e.g.,
sputum culture) and biochemistry (e.g. fasting blood sugar). Biomedical scientists make use of laboratory equipment such as microscopes, ultracentrifuges, haematology analysers, autoclaves and other apparatus in order to perform such tests.

Working in biomedical research institutes involves conducting careful experimentation, laboratory work, observation, and analysis of biological processes and the causes of disease. Such research may be basic, aimed at furthering our understanding of the biology of disease-causing organisms, or it may be applied, directed at making new discoveries such as the search for an HIV vaccine. Once research is concluded, the findings are published and recommendations are made to the relevant authorities.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?
The work schedule of a biomedical scientist depends on the place where one works. In a medical laboratory attached to a hospital or health centre, they typically work in shifts (morning, afternoon and night) including weekends. In other hospitals, work may be from 08:00 – 16:00 hours, with one or two staff on-call for night time emergencies. In a diagnostic laboratory independent of a hospital, work may follow the normal 08:00 to 17:00 hours work schedule, Monday to Friday. Working in biomedical research or with NGOs may also follow this schedule.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?
Upon graduation and attaining their qualification, biomedical scientists are required to be registered and licensed by the health professions council of Zambia (HPCZ). A biomedical scientist can find a job in a medical laboratory of a public or private hospital. The largest employer is the government and so the job market is highly dependent on government recruitment. Employment could be a little tricky to come by but there is a good number of private hospitals and medical laboratories that have been established as well as newly constructed government hospitals, all of which require biomedical scientists. There is thus a reasonable number of employment opportunities.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?
To succeed in biomedical sciences, one needs to have an interest in science and technology as well as a good academic background in science-based subjects. The work of a biomedical scientist is very practical and technical in nature, one should be ready to do hands on work, operating high-tech machines, microscopes and specialist laboratory equipment. It is also essential that a biomedical scientist has organizational skills because often the work in a medical laboratory involves carrying out various tests on numerous patients’ samples which are only tagged with patients file numbers and are very easy to mix up. One should be able to work in a methodical and systematic manner so as to avoid errors. Aside from this, a biomedical scientist should also be meticulous, paying particular attention to detail in order to produce highly accurate results even when under pressure.

Scroll to the bottom to find a list of institutions that offer Biomedical Sciences

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?
When a student enrols into the diploma program, they will first cover subjects such as Applied physics and chemistry, applied mathematics, Cell biology, and biochemistry. In latter years, they will narrow down to more specific biomedical subjects such as Immunology, Microbiology, Haematology, Histology and Parasitology.
Students in the degree program will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in their first year of study. In the following years, they move on to cover more specific biomedical courses such as Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology, Haematology and Epidemiology.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?
As with most science-based degree programs, entrance is quite competitive. Actual cut-off point depends on the university of choice but typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 12 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12. A diploma in biomedical sciences or medical laboratory science can also be considered and will earn some exemptions.
Minimum entry requirements for the diploma program are a credit or better in Mathematics, Biology, Science, English and any other subject. But this may be higher depending on the level of competition at the college of choice.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST?
To work as a biomedical scientist, typically a Zambian biomedical scientist needs to have studied for a bachelor of science in biomedical sciences (degree), while biomedical technologists hold a diploma in biomedical sciences. An alternative qualification that could enable one to work in a medical laboratory is medical laboratory sciences, though with this qualification a holder will not work in the capacity of a biomedical scientist but rather as support staff.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?
To advance their qualifications, a biomedical sciences degree holder can pursue a Master’s degree in microbiology, parasitology, haematology, pathology, epidemiology etc. A master’s degree deepens one’s knowledge in a specialist field and also gives them an advantage in the job market especially for research roles.

References
Ali-Dinar, A. B. (Ed.). (n.d.). Tropical Diseases Research Centre – Zambia. Retrieved from University of Pennsylvania – Africa Studies Centre: https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Org_Institutes/tdrc_zm.html#:~:text=Major%20achievements%20of%20the%20TDRC,surveillance%20system%20to%20control%20African
Bachelor of Science Biomedical Sciences. (2018). Retrieved from University of Zambia Website: https://www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-biomedical-sciences
Training Programme. (2020). Retrieved from Ndola College of Biomedical Sciences Website: http://ncbszambia.org/index.php/training-programme/
Why study biomedical science. (2018). Retrieved from The University of Sheffield Website: https://usic.sheffield.ac.uk/blog/categories/study-abroad/why-study-biomedical-science

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +26 0211 252641
E-mail: dean-medicine@unza.zm
Website: www.unza.zm/academics/undergraduate/bachelor-of-science-biomedical-sciences

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time and Evening
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Email: academicoffice@cbu.ac.zm
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years (degree) / 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

CHIKANKATA COLLEGE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: July (only)
Location: Mazabuka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 359507 / +260 965 992027 / +260 0213 235828
Email: ccbsdept@gmail.com / ppilingana@yahoo.co.uk
Website: www.salvationarmy.org/chikankata/scheduleoffees

NDOLA COLLEGE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Ndola
Contacts
Tel: +260 0212 612361
Email: info@ncbszambia.org
Website: www.ncbszambia.org

EVELYN HONE COLLEGE
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Health and Applied Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 227752 / +260 211 220208
Email: bloloji@evelynhone.edu.zm
Website: www.evelynhone.edu.zm/academic-fees/

KAFUE INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Programme duration: 3 years (diploma)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Intakes: January and July
Location: Kafue
Contacts
Email: kafueihs@gmail.com
Tel: +260 971 908366
Website: www.kihser.com

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer dentistry

WHAT IS DENTISTRY AND WHO IS A DENTIST?
Dentistry is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, commonly involving the teeth and gums but also in the surrounding soft tissue structures. A dentist is a doctor of oral health who has earned at least a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree or it’s equivalent.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?
A typical day for a dentist in general practice will involve examining patients reporting to the dental clinic, diagnosing oral disease and formulating a treatment plan to restore or maintain oral health. They may perform tasks such as preparing and placing fillings, tooth extractions, professional cleaning, inserting dentures or prostheses and administering anaesthetics. Dentists may prescribe medications such as antibiotics, pain killers, sedatives and any other medications useful in patient management. Dentists make use of equipment such as drills, probes, forceps, mouth mirrors and x-ray machines to aid in their work. Dentists’ training enables them to recognise situations that require referral of patients to dental specialists or even to physicians.

WHAT IS THE WORK SCHEDULE OF A DENTIST?
Dental clinics are usually open from 08:00 hours to 17:00 hours during the week and are closed on the weekends and holidays. In a hospital setting, dentists may be required to work over the weekends or during the night when on-call.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?
After graduation from dental school and obtaining a provisional license from the health professionals council of Zambia (HPCZ), a graduate must undergo a mandatory period of internship working under the supervision of a team of dentists, before obtaining full registration as a licensed dental practitioner. Zambian government policy is that such internship be only offered at government hospitals having dental consultants. As such, government is the major employer of new dental school graduates as interns. When fully registered and licensed as a dental practitioner, a dentist may also work elsewhere. This may be in private dental clinics, private hospitals, mine hospitals, or with NGOs.
There is a critical shortage of dentists in Zambia, with training dentists locally beginning only in 2011. This entails that there is a high demand for dentists and as such, employment opportunities are many.

WHAT SORT OF CAREER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?
Dentistry as a program of study is very demanding. The program assumes that a student has a good background in science. It is therefore important for someone to have an interest and aptitude for science-based subjects especially biology, chemistry and physics. A career in dentistry requires someone to have good communication skills, patience, compassion and empathy. All of these are important because dentistry involves working with people, usually children and patients who fear dental work. It is especially important for dentists to have good manual dexterity (working with their hands). This is because dentists work with tools which they have to manoeuvre in a limited space. A good business sense and leadership skills may also come in handy as most dentists own their own practices.

Scroll to the bottom to find a list of institutions that offer dentistry

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?
The level of education and clinical practice required to earn a dental degree are on par with those required for a medical degree. Courses covered in the first 3 years of dental and medical training are essentially the same. Upon entry into university, students will cover A’ level natural sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology) in the first 1 or 2 years. The next 2 years focus on Basic Science courses which include Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Microbiology, Biochemistry and others. The coursework in the last 3 years focuses on the practical training of being a dentist and covers courses such as Internal Medicine, Oral Surgery and Operative dentistry.

WHAT ARE THE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS?
Dental schools, just like medical schools, have high academic standards. Typically, a prospective student needs to have scored at least 10 points in the best 6 subjects (mathematics, science and English included) at grade 12.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS OF STUDY CAN MAKE SOMEONE A DENTIST?
Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) is the first professional degree awarded upon graduation from dental schools in most commonwealth countries. In the United States and countries following their system, an equivalent dental degree is awarded as Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (DDM). Apart from these, diplomas in dental therapy and dental technology are on offer at Levy Mwanawasa Medical University. These qualifications do not themselves qualify the holder to be a dentist. Depending on the setting and due to the major shortage of dentists in Zambia, dental therapists and technologists carry out many of the roles of a dentist in many Zambian hospitals.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCED QUALIFICATIONS AVAILABLE AND WHY?
There are many master’s programs that allow a dentist to train and practice in a dental specialty of choice instead of just general dentistry. These dental specialties include endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, paediatric dentistry, maxillofacial surgery and others.

References
Bachelor of Dental Medicine. (2018). Retrieved from The Copperbelt University School of Medicine Website: https://www.cbu.ac.zm/sm/bachelor-of-dental-medicine/
Dentist. (2020). Retrieved from Truity: https://www.truity.com/career-profile/dentist
Dorfman, J. (2018). Dentistry. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/dentistry

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER DENTISTRY (DENTAL SURGERY)

COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Kitwe
Contacts
Tel: +260 212 290816 / +260 212 290815
Website: www.cbu.ac.zm/fees

LEVY MWANAWASA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 5 years + 1 year of Natural Sciences (degree), 3 years (diploma dental therapy/technology)
Mode of study: Full-time only
Admitting school: School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences
Intakes: January (only)
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 330519 / +260 953 821693
Email: info@lmmu.ac.zm
Website: www.lmmu.ac.zm/levy-mwanawasa-medical-university-fees-structure

Scroll to the bottom for a list of institutions that offer Hospitality and Tourism Management

WHERE DO HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGERS WORK?
Hospitality management covers a wide range of industries which means opportunities are abundant. The list below are examples of hospitality careers you can take up after passing this field:

Accommodation manager; the job responsibilities of accommodation manager include proper functioning of the establishment, paying special attention to cleanness, maintenance and budget as well as tactfully addressing any arising issues.

Catering manager; the role of the catering manager is to ensure that the food product perform well on the market.

Events manager; the role of the event manager is to coordinate events such as conference, charity events, trade meetings and trade show, etc.

Restaurant manager; the role of the restaurant manager is to make profit and ensuring quality good are meet.

Executive chef; the role of the executive chef is to design the menu, training cooks, reviewing food and beverage purchases and suppressing.

WHAT TASKS ARE INVOLVED IN THE WORK?
Depending on how big or small an operation is pursuing a career in hospitality management can entail several responsibilities. Some examples are
Manage budget
The hospitality manager has to make sure there is enough money in the department that will ensure an efficient work flow toward the overall good of the company.
Marketing
Marketing is another important task in order the business to be known to the public, marketing is needed. Taken into consideration when managing a marketing budget.
Approve/controlling expenditures
The hospitality manager needs to be aware of all the expenses. Even though they also have already allocated a set budget, they also need to know how much the department is spending.
Customer service
This is about the customer experience. This is where customers service plays a big role in making guests happy. The three main ways to do this is by meeting the guest and greet them in a warm way, have excellent housekeeping and address and rectify customer complaint.
Supervising maintenance
Making sure that everything on the property is working and safe may also be the hospitality manager responsibility.
Coordinating departmental task
As aforementioned, there are many departments within the hospitality business. As a result assistant hospitality managers may be needed to oversee these department depending on each sub-department. The human resource department and finance controllers may require the immediate attention of the executive hospitality manager while the housekeeping staff may require an assistant supervisor. The many reason of these is to ensure the department run smoothly.
Food and beverage
Providing enough food and drinks will ultimately determine whether or not a guest is happy and will want to return.

WHAT IS WORK SCHEDULE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT?
The shift of the hospitality management depends on how big the organization is, they typically follow the normal 08hrs to 17hrs. the schedule is Monday to Saturday sometimes. Sometime you can have your off day during the week. Since most hospitality hotels and lodges don’t close, they have three shifts namely;
A shift: the workers report for work 07 hrs. to 15 hrs.
B shift: the workers report for work 15 hrs. to 23hrs
C shift: the workers report for work 23 hrs. to 06 hrs.

WHAT DOES THE JOB MARKET LOOK LIKE?
In a world where jobs of all kinds are disappointing, service job, particularly those in the hospitality industry, remain viable option for people to earn a living. There is an assortment of job throughout the industry. From lowly dishwashers in hotel restaurant to respectable concierges and event planners, people can pursue anyone of a great number of paths to success. The industry is diverse too, because people in all walk of life need service at one time or another during their days.

WHAT SORT OF CARRER-PERSONALITY MATCH IS REQUIRED?
To enjoy hospitality, you need to love people and to have a passion for your work. Make sure all you do should be excellent and must be ready to report for work any time without fail.

WHAT SUBJECTS WILL THE PROGRAM COVER?
The first year has the following subjects; cookery theory, food and beverage, communication skills, Business of account, French, food casting and control, menu planning, nutrition, hygiene, first aid, introduction to hospitality, food commodities, and in second year the following are the subjects; Hotel law, Principles of management, Human resource management, Cookery practical, Housekeeping front office, cashiering, marketing and front practical.

WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENT?
The most important subjects you need to have is English and Maths and any best four subjects. The points do not matter.

WHAT OTHER PROGRAMS CAN MAKE SOMEONE A HOSPITALITY PERSON?
To work as a hospitality person, there are alternatives depending on the type of position one needs to take up in the hospitality industry. If someone has a grade 12 certificate with English and Maths including any other subject, they can become a hospitality person at the grassroots position.

WHAT ARE THE FUTURE ADVANCE QUALIFICATION AVAILABLE AND WHY?
Once you study hospitality management, you may decide to pursue Hotel management degree. A degree gives you high advantage when it comes to finding new jobs in competitive environment especially abroad. One can also become a lecturer if they have a degree.

INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

CHALIMBANA UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Vocational and Practical Skills Education
Intakes: January and July
Location: Chongwe – Lusaka Province
Contacts
Tel: +260 974 115 647
E-mail: info@chau.edu.zm
Website: www.chau.ac.zm/content/fees

LIVINGSTONE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF TOURISM EXCELLENCE AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Programme duration: 3 years Diploma and 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Environment and Tourism
Intakes: January, July and September
Location: Livinstone
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 203923
E-mail: admissions@liutebmuniversity.org
Website: liutebmuniversity.org

CHRESO UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 3 years Diploma
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Hospitality
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 967 796 562 or +260 974 791 731
E-mail: info@chresouniversity.edu.zm
Website: chresouniversity.edu.zm/hospitality/

UNICAF UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School of Business studies
Intakes: June/July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211250522
E-mail: info@unicafuniversity.com
Website: www.unicaf.org/ba-hospitality-management/

TRINITY UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Part-time
Admitting school: School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 977 501 896 or +260 954 118 414
E-mail: trinityuniversityzambia@gmail.com
Website: trinityuniversity.edu.zm/tuition-fees

UNIVERSITY OF AFRICA
Programme duration: 3 years diploma and 4 years degree
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Commerce and Development Studies
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 (0) 211 230 812
E-mail: admissions@keystoneuoa.com
Website: www.keystoneuoa.com/pricing#FeeStructure

GIDEON ROBERT UNIVERSITY
Programme duration: 4 years degree only
Mode of study: full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Business
Intakes: January
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260969899875
E-mail: vc@gideonrobertyuniversity.com
Website: gideonrobert.education

WANSANJE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INSTITUTE
Programme duration: 2 years (Certificate) / 3 years diploma
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Hospitality
Intakes: January and July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211-220 286 or +260 977 603 389 or +269966 603 389
E-mail: wtticollege@gmail.com
Website: wtti.edu.zm/programme-fees/

ZAMBIA INSTITUTE FOR TOURISM & HOSPITALITY STUDIES
Programme duration: 4 years degree/ 3 years diploma/ 2 years Adv. certificate
Mode of study: Full-time, Part-time and Distance
Admitting school: School of Tourism and Hospitality
Intakes: July
Location: Lusaka
Contacts
Tel: +260 211 222604 or +260 972 841330 or +260 763 503970
E-mail: academic@ziths.edu.zm
Website: www.ziths.edu.zm/home/

VICTORIA FALLS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Programme duration: 3 years diploma
Mode of study: Full-time and Distance
Admitting school: Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality
Intakes: January
Location: Livingstone
Contacts
Tel: +26 0977 781 608 or +26 0966 030 255
E-mail: admissionsvfu@gmail.com
Facebook: Victoria Falls University of Technology